word-group may belong to any part of speech, therefore such groups as
the morning,
the window, and
Bill are also considered to be word-groups (though they comprise
only one notional word and one form-word).
Structurally word-groups may be approached in various ways. All word-groups
may be analysed by the criterion of distribution into two big classes. Distribution is
understood as the whole complex of contexts in which the given lexical unit can be
used. If the word-group has the same linguistic distribution as one of its members, It
is described as endocentric, i.e. having one central member functionally equivalent to
the whole word-group.
The word-groups, e.g.
red flower, bravery of all kinds, are
distributionally identical with their central components
flower and
bravery: I saw a
red flower - I saw a flower. I appreciate bravery of all kinds - I appreciate bravery.
If the distribution of the word-group is different from either of its members, it is
regarded as exocentric, i.e. as having no such central member, for instance
side by
side or
grow smaller and others where the component
words are not syntactically
substitutable for the whole word-group.
In endocentric word-groups the central component that has the same
distribution as the whole group is clearly the dominant member or the head to which
all other members of the group are subordinated. In the word-group
red flower the
head is the noun
flower and in the word-group
kind of people the head is the adjective
kind.
Word-groups are also classified according to their syntactic pattern into
predicative and non-predicative groups. Such word-groups, e.g.
John works, he went
that have a syntactic structure
similar to that of a sentence, are classified as
predicative, and all others as non-predicative. Non-predicative word-groups may be
subdivided according to the type of syntactic relation between the components into
subordinative and coordinative.
Such word-groups as red flower, a man of wisdom
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