E -m a il: be_kham zina@ m ail.ru
O R G A N IZ A T IO N O F P R O F E S S IO N A L A C T IV IT Y IN T H E P R O C E S S O F
T R A IN IN G T E A C H E R S IN U S IN G IC T
Abstract. This article discusses the organization and basic forms of professional activities of
teachers in their preparation for use of information and communication technologies (ICT). The
process of regulatory disclosure of knowledge, in accordance with the structure of the regulation, in
the preparation of teachers to use ICT in their professional activities goes through three stages in each
of the basic forms of training activities. We consider in detail the process of the advancement of a
future teacher to practice in all stages of each of the basic form of professional activity.
Keywords: professional activity, the training of teachers, information and communication
technologies (ICT).
In tro d u c tio n . M odern society is information. It makes a significant im pact on
the education system, initiating the process o f its informatization. In this regard, the
professional activity o f teachers today requires active use o f ICT which leads to an
inevitable change of the nature of educational activities, the emergence o f modern tools
and technologies that enable teachers to organize activities of students at a new level,
to design educational process, to build communication with the subjects o f the process.
R esea rch results a n d discussion. In our study, the transition from theoretical
knowledge to practice in the training of teachers to use ICT detaches three basic forms
o f activity: symbolic, modeling and projective. Depending on the basic form o f activity
the specific regulatory mechanisms and skills are emerging and developing. The
process o f regulatory disclosure o f knowledge, in accordance with the structure o f the
regulation in the preparation of teachers to use ICT in their professional activities goes
through three stages in each o f the basic forms o f learning activities.
The advancement o f a future teacher in the symbolic activity begins with the
development o f knowledge, i.e. the acquisition o f concepts o f information and
communication technologies, as a sign system (Figure 1).
The main thing at this stage is to learn and to work out the substantial part of
knowledge as a system o f ideas reflecting this domain, as it is a value-semantic system
having a certain meaning and value in the field, such as a word processor, a
spreadsheet, a database, a graphic editor, telecommunications [1].
After the stage of acquisition o f symbolic system o f ICT, the knowledge that has
become part o f the inner experience o f the student is worked and comprehended in the
analysis o f the studied material in the context o f possibility o f using them in
pedagogical activity. At the study stage the emphasis is made on identifying, updating,
and understanding o f the relationship between the means o f information and
communication technologies and the types o f pedagogical activities, i.e. there is
actualization o f regulatory actions in which these relationships are given. At this stage,
the relationship becomes the subject o f reflection. As a result, the knowledge on the
use of information and communication technologies in teaching activities become
meaningful, and it means that it draws up and builds for the future teacher as value-
semantical system.
Figure 1 - Stages o f sym bolic activity
When the comprehension stage is passed, there begins the disclosure and design o f
the identified relationship between ICT means and pedagogical activity, updating and
systematization of assimilated knowledge in general, i.e. their reflective design. This step is
very important as it is not sufficient to acquire knowledge in value-semantic system, they
need to function, to be effective. After the acquisition o f the symbolic activity the teacher
should already apply the ICT means in his activity, however, yet at the level of operating
regulation of pedagogical activity. To do this he must learn the mechanisms of knowledge
functioning. The teacher should explain how he will use ICT means in his professional
activity. The result o f the symbolic activity of the student is the value-semantical
organization o f knowledge, relationships and mechanisms of its functioning.
The future teacher can tell and reflect on the use of ICT means and techniques in
professional activity on practical and seminar training.
Thus, at this stage the knowledge is organized into integral concepts o f using
information and communication technologies in teaching activities, i.e. it sets the
possibility o f implementation o f professional activity by the teacher.
In order for the teacher to be ready to apply the acquired knowledge and skills of
computer science and information technology and to be able to perform professional
activities with the use o f information means and technology, it is necessary to set it as
the learning content. And that is modeling. Therefore, the symbolic activity is preceded
in modeling activity. This is due to the fact that a model can reflect and reproduce
objects and phenomena of the world, their natural order and structure. I.e. on the basis
o f models and theoretical knowledge structures the m odels o f pedagogical activity with
the use o f ICT are created or acquired. The future teacher masters these models,
exercising own activity.
A t the first stage o f modeling activity the student receives a ready model, then
he must isolate it when analyzing a problem situation (Figure 2).
As ready-made models for solving pedagogical problems of organizational,
constructive and communicative components of educational activities the techniques and
algorithms of work with technical and audiovisual teaching aids are given.
Figure 2 - Stages o f m odeling activity
First o f all, we introduce the following concepts: didactic possibilities o f a PC, a
multimedia room, information subject environment. After that, the students are
introduced to models of informational interaction o f the subjects o f educational process
in such environment - that is, above all, the online access to modern
telecommunication means in various modes o f operation on the Internet.
For operating in a multimedia room and in a distributed informational
environment, the teacher must possess the techniques and algorithms of creating
audiovisual teaching aids.
The second stage o f modeling activity o f a future teacher is connected with the
development and realization o f models of use of ICT in professional activity in
cognitive regulatory activity, i.e. in the solution o f specific educational objectives o f
various level o f generalization. In the course o f the solving the student does not only
rely on the revealed techniques and algorithms of ICT use, but also practices them and
the regulation mechanisms in the logic o f solution, realizes and comprehends their
original value in practice. In the course o f the drill o f models not only separate
regulations, but also the regulation o f modeling activity as a whole are formed. At this
stage is formed the experience o f regulation o f own activity, the generalized skills
which make the basic competence o f a teacher which is so necessary in pedagogical
practice.
The third stage o f modeling activity o f future teachers is the stage o f formation,
systematization and generalization o f the regulatory experience, the conscious and
unconscious reflection. The received experience can be presented in the form of
regulatory schemes or stages o f the solution o f generalized pedagogical tasks.
Mechanisms o f regulation of pedagogical activity with use o f ICT are assembled and
formed into tool principles and approaches to the solution o f various classes of
problems. There goes a complete setting of regulatory schemes, and the result o f
integration of the received experience is the ideas, as projects of teacher’s future
activity. The task for the reflective result o f the received experience is the creation o f a
hypertext electronic textbook.
Thus, modeling as a method o f research, experimentation, design and
construction is widely used in various sciences. Using a model as a means o f
knowledge and transformation o f reality, the future teacher embodies, interprets and
adjusts them which give him the opportunity to build up a system o f models which can
be realized through the knowledge of the use o f information and communication
technologies in the professional activity.
The process of training proceeds in the development o f the third basic form of
activity - the projective one. Currently, the method o f projects is being promoted in the
educational process, since it is an effective means o f developing students' creativity and
provides them with information and communicative competence.
A t the first stage o f the implementation o f projective activity there is a creation
o f a project of informational material environment in which will the teacher’s
professional activity be performed (Figure 3). The projecting process includes isolation
and realization o f the problem, the solution for which the project is designed, the
wording of the idea or design of solution, the logic o f unfolding o f the idea into a
regulatory scheme with the stages of the project and writing of the project plan.
At the second stage of the projective activity there is project testing, i.e. its test
on the "adequacy" in solving the problem o f creating informational subject
environment. A t this stage it is important not only to implement the project in actual
practice, but to check its effectiveness for the teacher’s professional activity. This can
be done in the so-called "reflective playing" o f both separate phases and the project as
a whole. At this stage the realizability o f the project is estimated in terms o f necessary
steps for its implementation and effectiveness, i.e. efficiency in achieving the planned
results. The second stage is issued in a conference where future teachers defend their
projects - the models of informational subject environment, and where the expertise,
optimization and testing of the projects takes place.
Figure 3 - Stages o f the projective activity
The implementation of the project in particular conditions o f teaching activities
(during the technological, professional practice) takes place at the third stage o f the
students’ advancement in the projective activity. Here the following regulatory mechanisms
are integrated into professional practice, organically included in it and implement these
activities: those o f understanding and explanation of what is being done with the use of
ICT, of the implementation of various aspects of informational subject environment, of the
introspection and reflective design as the experience gained while using ICT, and in the
anticipation of the results o f teaching activity with their use. In other words, the functional
bodies on solution of pedagogical tasks and problems with the use o f information and
communication technologies are reflectively made out. It is also characteristic of this stage
that the process of creation of the information subject environment is controlled to make
necessary amendments to its draft, there is analysis o f the results.
The independent creation o f the information subject environment in the
conditions o f technological practice forms subject thinking of the future teacher, his
creative orientation. The gained knowledge of use of information and communication
technologies are specified, corrected, and introspection helps the student bring them
into system. It does not only promotes the future teacher’s self-realization, but also his
personal growth.
Thus, analyzing the aforesaid, it can be asserted that the organization of
professional activity in the course o f preparation o f teachers for use o f ICT is focused
on realization o f the regulatory approach.
The process of preparing teachers for the use o f information and communication
technologies in their professional activities is organized taking into account the
student’s advancement in the subject and the self-regulation o f it [2]. There is a
preparation through the development of three base forms o f activity: the symbolic,
modeling and projective.
The student’s advancement in the symbolic activity begins with the study of
ICT. Then the knowledge is elaborated and comprehended in the analysis o f ICT
properties in a context o f possibility o f their use in pedagogical activity. A t the stage o f
working-out the emphasis is made on identifying, updating, and comprehending the
relationship between the means o f information, IT and types of teaching activities. As a
result, the knowledge on the use o f ICT in teaching activities forms for the future
teacher as a value-sense system. Further there is a correction o f the developed
knowledge in general, i.e. their reflective design. To do this, the problematic situations
are created which allow to organize by future teachers new means o f informatization
and information technology in professional activity.
In order for the teacher to carry out his professional activity with the use o f ICT,
it is necessary to set it as the content o f training. The modeling activity o f students is
organized for this. They master the techniques and algorithms with the use of
informatization means and information technology in pedagogical activities, exercising
their own activity.
At the first stage o f the modeling activity the student receives ready-made
techniques and algorithms of work with technical and audiovisual teaching aids. The
second stage o f the modeling activity o f a future teacher is related to the elaboration
and implementation o f techniques and algorithms o f informatization and ICT means in
professional activity - in the cognitive regulatory activity, i.e. in the process of
implementation of specific learning tasks o f different generalization levels. At this
stage, the case method is widely used which refers to the study o f the discipline by
examining a large number of situations and filling jobs in certain combinations. Such
training develops understanding and the ability to think in terms o f the major problems
faced by teachers in their professional activity. The case method promotes the ability to
analyze a situation, evaluate alternatives, and choose the best option plan for its
implementation. The third stage o f modeling activity o f the future teachers is the stage
o f design, systematization and generalization o f the regulatory experience, conscious
and unconscious introspection. The issued experience is represented in regulatory
schemes or solution stages of generalized pedagogical problems with the use of
informatization means and information technology. [3]
The advancement of the future teacher to practice proceeds in the third basic
form o f activity - the projective one. Here the student’s regulatory skills in the
application of gained knowledge in practice are being formed. A t the first stage of
projective activity there is elaboration o f the project o f informational subject
environment in which the professional activity o f the teacher will be carried out. At the
second stage there is testing of the project - its validity for teacher’s professional
activity is being verified. It is executed at a conference where future teachers defend
their projects o f informational subject environment; there is their expert assessment.
The implementation o f the project in particular conditions o f technological practice is
at the third stage o f the projective activity.
Here the following regulatory mechanisms are integrated into professional
practice, organically included in it and implement these activities: those of
understanding and explanation o f w hat is being done with the use of ICT, of the
implementation o f various aspects o f informational subject environment, o f the
introspection and reflective design as the experience gained while using ICT, and in the
anticipation of the results o f teaching activity with their use The independent creation
o f the information subject environment in the conditions o f technological practice
forms subject thinking of the future teacher, his creative orientation. The gained
knowledge o f use o f information and communication technologies are specified,
corrected, and introspection helps the student bring them into system [3].
C onclusion. Thus, for the successful implementation o f teaching activities the
pedagogical skills are necessary. Our study showed that the development of teachers’
skills to use ICT tools in teaching activity assumes certain logic o f student’s
advancement in the subject and their self-regulation of it. The logic o f the student’s
advancement in the subject presupposes the m astery of the three basic forms o f
activity.
R eferences:
1.Talyzina N.F. Managing the process o f learning. - M.: M oscow State
University, 1984. - 345 p.
2. Konopkin O.A. Psychological mechanisms o f regulation of activity.- Moscow:
Nauka, 1980.- 256 p.
3. Sharov A. S. Limited man: importance, activity, reflection: Monograph. -
Omsk: OmSPU publ., 2000. - 358 p.
Хамзина Б.Е.
Организация профессиональной деятельности в процессе подготовки педагогов к
использованию средств ИКТ
В данной статье рассматривается организация и базовые формы профессиональной
деятельности педагогов в процессе их подготовки к использованию средств информационно
коммуникационных технологий (ИКТ). Процесс регулятивного раскрытия знаний, в
соответствии со структурой регуляции, при подготовке педагогов к использованию средств
ИКТ в профессиональной деятельности проходит три этапа в каждой из базовых форм учебной
деятельности. Подробно рассмотрен процесс движения будущего педагога к практической
деятельности на всех этапах каждой базовой формы профессиональной деятельности.
Ключевые
слова:
профессиональная
деятельность,
подготовка
педагогов,
информационно-коммуникационные технологии (ИКТ)
Хамзина Б.Е.
Ақпараттық-коммуникациялық технологиялар қүралдарын пайдаланудағы
дайындықта оқытушылардың кәсіби іс-әрекетің үйымдастыруі
Осы
баяндамада
ақпараттық-коммуникациялық
технологиялар
қүралдарын
пайдаланудағы дайындықга оқытушылардыц кэсіби қызметінің негізгі формалары жэне
үйымдастыру жүмыстары қарастырылган. Кэсіби қызметінде АКТ қүралдарын пайдалануда,
оқытушылардың дайындығы білімді үздіксіз жаңарту үдерісін реттеу қүрылымына сәйкес
оқу қызметініц негізгі формалары үш кезеңнен өтеді. Әр кезенде болашақ мүгалімніц кэсіиби
қызметініц негізгі формаларының қозгалыс үдерісі нақты қарастырылған.
Түйін
сөз:
кэсіби
іс-эрекет,
оқытушылардыц
дайындығы,
ақпараттық-
коммуникациялық технологиялар
У Д К 378.22
Н и к и т и н а А .П ., д.х.н., доцент,
П р о с о ч к и н а Т .Р ., к.х.н., доцент,
Д а в ы д о в а О .В ., ст.препод.,
К а л и м г у л о в а A .M ., магистрант,
У ф им ский государственны й неф тяной технический университет
E -m ail: davydova-o-v@ m ail.ru
И Н Т Е Н С И Ф И К А Ц И Я О Б У Ч Е Н И Я М А Г И С Т Р А Н Т О В
П О Н А П Р А В Л Е Н И Ю « Х И М И Ч Е С К А Я Т Е Х Н О Л О Г И Я »
П О Д И С Ц И П Л И Н Е « П Р О И З В О Д С Т В О В Ы С О К О М О Л Е К У Л Я Р Н Ы Х
С О Е Д И Н Е Н И Й Н А П Р Е Д П Р И Я Т И Я Х Н Е Ф Т Е Х И М И И » Н А П Р И М Е Р Е
Л А Б О Р А Т О Р Н О Г О З А Н Я Т И Я
Аннотация. Внедрение лабораторной работы по теме «Химический рециклинг ПЭТФ»
позволяет интенсифицировать образовательный процесс при обучении магистрантов
направления «Химическая технология» по дисциплине «Производство высокомолекулярных
соединений на предприятиях нефтехимии» путем интегрирования теоретических знаний и
практических умений и навыков студентов в едином учебно-исследовательском процессе.
Показано влияние различных факторов, способствующих интенсификации процесса обучения
магистров.
Ключевые слова: интенсификация обучения, совершенствование методов обучения,
химическая технология, рециклинг отходов, полиэтилентерефталат, утилизации отходов,
лабораторная работа, переработка полимерных материалов.
Интенсификация обучения, определяемая как передача большего объема
учебной информации обучаемым при неизменной продол-жительности обучения без
снижения требований к качеству знаний [1], является перспективным направлением
активизации
учебной
деятельности.
Повышение
темпов
обучения
для
интенсификации процесса усвоения знаний может быть достигнуто путем
совершенствования, как содержания учебного материала, так и методов обучения [2].
При совершенствовании Достарыңызбен бөлісу: |