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intangible heritage. Mutalip Kurmanale’s repertory includes some traditional parts
from
Manas-cycle and tens of other small Kirghiz
dastans, folktales etc. He learned
them from his mother Tlewalde, the daughter of famous
manaschi Tenibek Japiy.
The latter was not from Akchi, but was born in Arabulak village, Uluuchat county,
another county of Kizilsuu Kirghiz Autonomous Prefecture, where the Kirghiz peo-
ple occupies about the 90% of the population. Eshmat Manbetjusup was also one of
the outstanding and popular
manaschis in China in last century and he died in 1963,
soon after the version of
Manas and
Semetay had been written down from him. He
claimed himself that he could perform seven parts of the epic, but unfortunately,
only fi rst and second parts of his repertory of
Manas has been written down.
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For
the
manaschis in Akchi county born after the 1950s, most of them can read and
write, and become
manasch by reciting Jusup’s versions or listen to the tape, which
is recorded in the gathering from an elder
manasch. Do not like their ancestors, the
younger generations seldom have regular time and chance to learn the epic by listen-
ing and enjoying the teacher’s performance today, and this is the real challenge for
safeguarding the traditional oral epic like
Manas. The ancient tradition, which lasted
more than a thousand year, is getting feeble and die.
(2)
depend on the living area:
There appeared 11
manaschis in Karachi village-town and Karabulak village-
town 9; Somtash village-town 9; Saparway village-town 8; Kulansarak village-town
2; Uch village-town 5. The area of Akchi county is about 13700 square kilometers.
Horse and caw are the main means of communications transportation until the end
of 70s of the last century. The inconvenience of transportation blocks people from
their regular in contact with each other. As a result, the transmission of epic
Manas
were going on slowly from mouth to ear until the middle of last century, when new
school been opened, the writing and scientifi c knowledge began to spread among
Kirghiz people in Akchi county.
According to our statistics, the context of the traditional cultural and social con-
dition is very important for the expansion and dissemination of an oral epic. It is
clear that epic
Manas spread widely in some places and different in the others.
Most of the
manachis appeared in western part of the county, especially in Karachi
village-town and Karabulak village-town. These two villages are not very far from
each other and, they are not only the hometowns of some famous
manaschis such
as Jusupakun Apay, Iburayim Akunbek, Balway Mamay and Jusup Mamay, but also
have deep traditional background and history of epic
Manas performance.
(3)
depend on the performance of the “branches” or parts of the epic Ma-
Достарыңызбен бөлісу: