Пәннің оқу-әдістемелік кешенін құрастырушы: Абадилдаева Ш. К
Strategies for Reading Comprehension
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- 1. Identify the purpose in reading
- 2. Use graphemic rules and patterns to aid in bottom-up decoding (for beginning level learners).
- 3. Use efficient silent reading techniques for relatively rapid comprehension (for intermediate to advanced levels).
| Strategies for Reading Comprehension
For most second language learners who are already literate in a previous language, reading comprehension is primarily a matter of developing appropriate, efficient comprehension strategies. Some strategies are related to bottom-up procedures and others enhance the top-down processes. Following are ten such strategies, each of which can be practically applied to your classroom techniques. 1. Identify the purpose in reading. Efficient reading consists of clearly identifying the purpose in reading something. By doing so, you know what you're looking for and can weed out potential distracting information. Whenever you are teaching a reading technique, make sure students know their purpose in reading something. 2. Use graphemic rules and patterns to aid in bottom-up decoding (for beginning level learners). At the beginning levels of learning English, one of the difficulties students encounter in learning to read is making the correspondences between spoken and written English. In many cases, learners have become acquainted with oral language and have some difficulty learning English spelling conventions. They may need to be given hints and explanations about certain English orthographic rules and peculiarities. 3. Use efficient silent reading techniques for relatively rapid comprehension (for intermediate to advanced levels). If you are teaching beginning level students, this particular strategy will not apply because they are still struggling with the control of a limited vocabulary and grammatical patterns. Your intermediate to advanced level students need not be speed readers, but you can help them to increase efficiency by teaching a few silent reading rules: • You don't need to "pronounce" each word to yourself. • Try to visually perceive more than one word at a time, preferably phrases. • Unless a word is absolutely crucial to global understanding, skip over it and try to infer its meaning through its context. 4. Skimming Perhaps the two most valuable reading strategies for learners as well as native speakers are skimming and scanning. Skimming consists of quickly running one's eyes across a whole text (an essay, article, or chapter, for example) to get the gist. Skimming gives readers the advantage of being able to predict the purpose of the passage, the main topic or message, and possibly some of the developing or supporting ideas. This gives them a "head start" as they embark on more focused reading. You can train students to skim passages by giving them, say, 30 seconds to look through a few pages of material, have them close their books, and tell you what they learned. 5. Scanning The second in the "most valuable" category is scanning, or quickly searching for some particular piece or pieces of information in a text. Scanning exercises may ask students to look for names or dates, to find a definition of a key concept, or to list a certain number of supporting details. The purpose of scanning is to extract certain specific information without reading through the whole text. For academic English, scanning is absolutely essential. In vocational or general English, scanning is important in dealing with genres like schedules, manuals, forms, etc. жүктеу/скачать 1,59 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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