Ex.4.Answer the questions on the text and retell the text. 1. Who first informed Martin about the Smiths’ holiday cottage? 2. What did Martin and Jillian discuss after the tea? 3. What was the first thing to be decided about? 4. How did Martin imagine Jillian was looking? 5. Which idea could neither of them object to? 6.Where did they make their examination of the five tents? 7. Could Martin take tickets for the air ferry? 8.What was the problem with their car? 9. What did Peter suggest?
Grammar: Modal verbs: must, should, ought and their equivalents.
Modal verb Equivalent
Present
Past
Future
must have to be to
must have/has to ... am/is/are to ...
had to ... was/were to ...
will have to ...
“Must” expresses:
1. Obligation, necessity (= to have to ...) (должен) 2. A command, an urgent request (побудительное предложение) 3. Prohibition (нельзя, запрещается) “To have to” expresses: 1.Obligation or necessity arising out of circumstances (должен,приходится,вынужден) “To be to” expresses: 1. An agreement or arrangement, part of a plan (должен) 2. A strict order/prohibition (побудительное предложение) 3.Something thought as unavoidable (предстоит,суждено) The absence of necessity is expressed by “needn’t”. There is sometimes a difference between ”must” and “have to”. With “must” the speaker is giving his own feelings, saying “he” thinks it necessary. We can use “must” to talk about the present and future, ”have to” can be used in three tense forms. In its second meaning “must” denotes probability. In this meaning it is used in affirmative sentences only. Modal verbs: should and ought. There is hardly any difference between these verbs, very often they are interchangeable. There is a difference in construction: ought is always followed by to- infinitive. Moral obligation or duty is more often expressed by ought to. It is a little stronger than should.
