master of pedagogical sciences, senior teacher, Sh. Ualikhanov Kokshetau State University,
The study of man and his communication with the outside world, fixed in consciousness in
functioning of etiquette formulas of addressing and greeting in the multicultural environment of
Kazakhstan involves a comprehensive analysis of factual material based on the achievements of
anthropocentrically oriented disciplines, which corresponds to modern ideas about the study of the
subject of knowledge is a person who knows the world and himself in the world, about the study of
significant phenomena: linguistic consciousness, national character, ethnocultural values and
The word “ethnos” in different scientific schools and at different times was understood
differently: L. Morgan used it to denote an early stage in the history of mankind, A. Bastian – а
historical and cultural provinces, Zh. Lyapuzh – a separate cultural unit, Zh. Deniker – an ethnic
group, M. Mogilyansky – an object of ethnographic research. The content and characteristics of the
ethnos were explained in different ways: as a certain state and a specific way of life (L. Morgan); as
a community that unites on the basis of single norms, laws, language and culture (P. Topiner); as a
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It is possible to propose the following definition of ethnos: a historically established stable set
of people united by common objective or subjective attributes, which include origin, a single
language, specific characteristics of culture, a common territory, historical memory, characteristic
features of the psyche, self-identity and self-name.
Translated from Latin, the word "culture" (lat. cultura) means processing, cultivation,
education, veneration. In the early period, it was used in the meaning of cultivation, cultivation of
something and related to natural processes. Over time, these ideas began to spread to human society
with a gradual expansion of the former meaning.
Ethnicity is, first of all, and mainly the culture of the ethnos, it is precisely with it that the
“borders” of the ethnos are determined, and each of them differs from the others [3]. Ethnic culture
is a value is selected and organized life and professional experience of an ethnic group. The border
outlining the content of ethnoculture is the contours of its original semiotic system (language,
symbolic system); the content is positive social experience accumulated in the forms of values,
norms, traditions and patterns, customs, beliefs and knowledge [4].
The ethics of verbal communication begins with observing the conditions for successful
verbal communication: with a benevolent attitude towards the addressee, demonstrating interest in
the conversation, “understanding understanding” (T.A. Van (Dijk) is mood on the interlocutor’s
world, sincere expression of his opinion, sympathetic attention. This requires expressing your
thoughts in a clear form, focusing on the world of knowledge of the addressee. Signals of attention,
participation, correct interpretation and sympathy are not only regulatory remarks, but also
paralinguistic means is facial expressions, a smile, a look, gestures, a pose. A special role in
conducting a conversation belongs to the gaze. Thus, speech ethics are the rules of proper speech
behavior based on moral standards, national and cultural traditions [5, 33].
Communication between representatives of different nationalities is a rather complicated and
controversial process, the versatility of this process is due, first of all, to the belonging of
communicants to various linguistic cultures. In communication of communicants, the partner’s
assessment is based on those characteristics that are characteristic of carriers of a kindred culture,
the lack of coincidence of individual characteristics with the self-esteem of partners often leads to
communicative conflicts.
Ethnicity is both an object of both interpersonal and intercultural communication. At the same
time, speech communication is a vital necessity for the functioning and interaction of any ethnic
community. It is language that is one of the unique ethnic symbols that acts as a tool of interaction.
One of the most significant and universal ethnic symbols is language. It should be borne in mind
that it is language communication that is the basic marker when defining "own-alien." Language
takes a priority role in the formation of national identity in general, and the national idea in
particular. National characteristics, like the national idea, should not be a centrifugal force that can
lead to regression in society, therefore, national specificity must be taken into account in the state’s
domestic and foreign policy, paying attention her priority attention. Ignoring national characteristics
leads to a communicative conflict in the political, entrepreneurial, commercial and other fields of
activity [6, 301].
MAIN PART
Ethical norms are embodied in special etiquette speech formulas of appeal and greeting and
are expressed in utterances by a whole ensemble of multilevel word forms. The main ethical
principle of verbal communication is the observance of parity is expressed throughout the
conversation, starting with a greeting and ending with a farewell. In order for communication to be
successful, it is necessary to carefully study the features of speech etiquette, in particular, address
and greeting formulas, know the nuances of communication using non-verbal means, correctly
assess the role characteristics of a communicant and evaluate the roles of communicants and act
taking into account the characteristics of their role behavior rules of communicative roles of the
speaker or listener.
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Greetings and address set the tone for the entire conversation. Depending on the social role of
the interlocutors, their degree of closeness, you-communication or you-communication is selected.
An important role is also played by the communication situation. The call performs a contact-
setting function, it is a means of intimization, therefore, throughout the speech situation, the call
should be made repeatedly: this indicates good feelings for the interlocutor and attention to his
words [6, 308].
The people of Kazakhstan are many nationalities. The study of etiquette formulas for
addressing and greeting in the Kazakh and Russian languages in our country is of practical
importance in terms of studying speech etiquette as a fact of objectivization of national mentality, as
a specific language code that reflects the specifics of national linguistic identity and intercultural
communication.
The main goal of strengthening intercultural communication is the formation of a person who
is capable of active life and a multicultural environment, has a developed sense of understanding
and respect for other cultures, is able to live in peace and harmony with people of different
nationalities, races, beliefs [7, 42].
The Kazakh community is characterized by a respectful, respectful attitude towards elders.
Children from an early age are taught not to argue, to give way, to be helpful in relation to parents
and strangers of advanced age. Such an attitude could not be reflected in the language: for example,
the greeting formula for Сәлеметсiңбе! (Hello!), used in relation to younger or relatives, has the
following options: Сәлеметсiңдерме! (in relation to several representatives of the same age
group), Сәлеметсiзбе! (in relation to older people) and Сәлеметсiздерме! (in relation to several
representatives of an older age). The last two greetings are often accompanied by a slight tilt of the
head or a bow and hand on the chest. These gestures emphasize a respectful attitude towards the
recipients of the greeting.
The choice of the greeting formula also depends on whether or not the participants in the
communicative situation are familiar. If they are unfamiliar, then the choice of greeting depends
mainly on the age of the recipient: a relative or senior is greeted with a greeting from
Достарыңызбен бөлісу: