Ш. Уәлиханов атындағы кму хабаршысы issn 1608-2206 Филология сериясы. №4, 2019
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A.I. Malikova master of pedagogical sciences, senior teacher, Sh. Ualikhanov Kokshetau State University, Kokshetau, Republic of Kazakhstan, е-mail: anna_kostik@mail.ru
ETHNOCULTURAL ASPECT This article is devoted to the study of speech etiquette, in particular, the formulas of addressing and greeting in the ethnocultural aspect, in contact with the general problems of linguistic pragmatics in the context of the study of the concepts of “ethnos” and “culture”. The study of research literature and our own observations show the content of stable etiquette formulas of addressing and greeting was directly influenced by certain events and life and everyday life features of the Kazakh and Russian peoples: the family-tribal lifestyle and life of nomads for the Kazakh people, the need for communication for the Russian people. Each ethnic group is characterized by distinctive elements of speech formulas of addressing and greeting. National traditions, lifestyle, historical conditions of life of each people occupy an important place in the formation of speech culture. That is why the formulas of addressing and greeting are an essential component of national culture. Key words: ethnos, culture, linguistic culture, speech etiquette, formulas of addressing and greeting. INTRODUCTION
The study of man and his communication with the outside world, fixed in consciousness in the form of concepts, images, behavioral acts, is an urgent task of linguistics. The study of the functioning of etiquette formulas of addressing and greeting in the multicultural environment of Kazakhstan involves a comprehensive analysis of factual material based on the achievements of anthropocentrically oriented disciplines, which corresponds to modern ideas about the study of the subject of knowledge is a person who knows the world and himself in the world, about the study of significant phenomena: linguistic consciousness, national character, ethnocultural values and stereotypes, spiritual and practical human activities [1, 12]. The word “ethnos” in different scientific schools and at different times was understood differently: L. Morgan used it to denote an early stage in the history of mankind, A. Bastian – а historical and cultural provinces, Zh. Lyapuzh – a separate cultural unit, Zh. Deniker – an ethnic group, M. Mogilyansky – an object of ethnographic research. The content and characteristics of the ethnos were explained in different ways: as a certain state and a specific way of life (L. Morgan); as a community that unites on the basis of single norms, laws, language and culture (P. Topiner); as a culturally specific image of the people (A. Bastian) [2]. Ш. Уәлиханов атындағы КМУ хабаршысы ISSN 1608-2206 Филология сериясы. № 4, 2019
71 It is possible to propose the following definition of ethnos: a historically established stable set of people united by common objective or subjective attributes, which include origin, a single language, specific characteristics of culture, a common territory, historical memory, characteristic features of the psyche, self-identity and self-name.
Translated from Latin, the word "culture" (lat. cultura) means processing, cultivation, education, veneration. In the early period, it was used in the meaning of cultivation, cultivation of something and related to natural processes. Over time, these ideas began to spread to human society with a gradual expansion of the former meaning. Ethnicity is, first of all, and mainly the culture of the ethnos, it is precisely with it that the “borders” of the ethnos are determined, and each of them differs from the others [3]. Ethnic culture is a value is selected and organized life and professional experience of an ethnic group. The border outlining the content of ethnoculture is the contours of its original semiotic system (language, symbolic system); the content is positive social experience accumulated in the forms of values, norms, traditions and patterns, customs, beliefs and knowledge [4]. The ethics of verbal communication begins with observing the conditions for successful verbal communication: with a benevolent attitude towards the addressee, demonstrating interest in the conversation, “understanding understanding” (T.A. Van (Dijk) is mood on the interlocutor’s world, sincere expression of his opinion, sympathetic attention. This requires expressing your thoughts in a clear form, focusing on the world of knowledge of the addressee. Signals of attention, participation, correct interpretation and sympathy are not only regulatory remarks, but also paralinguistic means is facial expressions, a smile, a look, gestures, a pose. A special role in conducting a conversation belongs to the gaze. Thus, speech ethics are the rules of proper speech behavior based on moral standards, national and cultural traditions [5, 33]. Communication between representatives of different nationalities is a rather complicated and controversial process, the versatility of this process is due, first of all, to the belonging of communicants to various linguistic cultures. In communication of communicants, the partner’s assessment is based on those characteristics that are characteristic of carriers of a kindred culture, the lack of coincidence of individual characteristics with the self-esteem of partners often leads to communicative conflicts. Ethnicity is both an object of both interpersonal and intercultural communication. At the same time, speech communication is a vital necessity for the functioning and interaction of any ethnic community. It is language that is one of the unique ethnic symbols that acts as a tool of interaction. One of the most significant and universal ethnic symbols is language. It should be borne in mind that it is language communication that is the basic marker when defining "own-alien." Language takes a priority role in the formation of national identity in general, and the national idea in particular. National characteristics, like the national idea, should not be a centrifugal force that can lead to regression in society, therefore, national specificity must be taken into account in the state’s domestic and foreign policy, paying attention her priority attention. Ignoring national characteristics leads to a communicative conflict in the political, entrepreneurial, commercial and other fields of activity [6, 301].
MAIN PART Ethical norms are embodied in special etiquette speech formulas of appeal and greeting and are expressed in utterances by a whole ensemble of multilevel word forms. The main ethical principle of verbal communication is the observance of parity is expressed throughout the conversation, starting with a greeting and ending with a farewell. In order for communication to be successful, it is necessary to carefully study the features of speech etiquette, in particular, address and greeting formulas, know the nuances of communication using non-verbal means, correctly assess the role characteristics of a communicant and evaluate the roles of communicants and act taking into account the characteristics of their role behavior rules of communicative roles of the speaker or listener. Вестник КГУ им. Ш. Уалиханова ISSN 1608-2206 Серия филологическая, № 4, 2019
72 Greetings and address set the tone for the entire conversation. Depending on the social role of the interlocutors, their degree of closeness, you-communication or you-communication is selected. An important role is also played by the communication situation. The call performs a contact- setting function, it is a means of intimization, therefore, throughout the speech situation, the call should be made repeatedly: this indicates good feelings for the interlocutor and attention to his words [6, 308]. The people of Kazakhstan are many nationalities. The study of etiquette formulas for addressing and greeting in the Kazakh and Russian languages in our country is of practical importance in terms of studying speech etiquette as a fact of objectivization of national mentality, as a specific language code that reflects the specifics of national linguistic identity and intercultural communication. The main goal of strengthening intercultural communication is the formation of a person who is capable of active life and a multicultural environment, has a developed sense of understanding and respect for other cultures, is able to live in peace and harmony with people of different nationalities, races, beliefs [7, 42]. The Kazakh community is characterized by a respectful, respectful attitude towards elders. Children from an early age are taught not to argue, to give way, to be helpful in relation to parents and strangers of advanced age. Such an attitude could not be reflected in the language: for example, the greeting formula for Сәлеметсiңбе! (Hello!), used in relation to younger or relatives, has the following options: Сәлеметсiңдерме! (in relation to several representatives of the same age group), Сәлеметсiзбе! (in relation to older people) and Сәлеметсiздерме! (in relation to several representatives of an older age). The last two greetings are often accompanied by a slight tilt of the head or a bow and hand on the chest. These gestures emphasize a respectful attitude towards the recipients of the greeting. The choice of the greeting formula also depends on whether or not the participants in the communicative situation are familiar. If they are unfamiliar, then the choice of greeting depends mainly on the age of the recipient: a relative or senior is greeted with a greeting from жүктеу/скачать 3,45 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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