Тавасарова А. А



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Қарапайым грамматика

THE PASSIVE VOICE


ЫРЫҚСЫЗ ЕТІС


The use of Passive voice in the sentences (Ырықсыз етістің сөйлемде қолданылуы)


Шақ

Болымды сөйлем

Болымсыз сөйлем

Сұраулы сөйлем

Present Passive

Indefinite

The letters are usually written in Russian.

The letters are not written in England.

Are the letters written in Russian or in English?

Past Passive

Indefinite

The letter was written by my sister.

The letter was not written by my friend.

Who was the letter written by?

Future Passive

Indefinite

The letter will be written tomorrow.

The letter will not be written today.

When will the letter be written?

Present Passive

Perfect

The letter has just been written.

The letter has not been written yet.

Has the letter been written?


SIMPLE TENSES PASSIVE VOICE


Present Simple Passive (Осы шақ ырықсыз етіс)

Past Voice

(Өткен етіс)

Simple

шақ

Passive

ырықсыз

Future Voice

(Келер етіс)

Simple

шақ

Passive

ырықсыз

Forming Simple Tenses Passive Voice (Жасалуы)

am/are/is + Past Participle

was/were + Past Participle

shall/will + Past Participle

Singular (Жекеше түрі)

I

am invited

was invited

shall be invited

You

are invited

were invited

will be invited

He

is invited

was invited

will be invited

She

is invited

was invited

will be invited

Plural (Көпше түрі)

We You They

are invited are invited are invited

were invited

were invited

were invited

shall be invited

will be invited

will be invited


Examples (Мысалдар)




This article is written well. –Мына мақала жақсы жазылған.

This house was build last year. –Бұл үй былтыр салынды.

This book will be translated by next week. – Бұл кітап келесі аптада аударылады.


A table of Active tenses and their Passive equivalents (Шақтың негізгі жəне ырықсыз етісте берілуі)


Tense

Active Voice

Passive Voice

Simple Present Present Continuous Simple Past

Past Continuous Present Perfect Past Perfect Future Conditional

Perfect Conditional Present Infinitive Perfect Infinitive

Present Participle/gerund Perfect Participle

keeps

is keeping kept



was keeping has kept had kept will keep would keep

would have kept to keep

to have kept keeping having kept



is kept

is being kept was kept



was being kept has been kept had been kept will be kept would be kept

would have been kept to be kept

to have been kept being kept having been kept





THE PERFECT TENSES PASSIVE


The Present Perfect Passive

(Аяқталған осы шақ ырықсыз етіс)

The Past Perfect Passive

(Аяқталған өткен шақ ырықсыз етіс)

The Future Perfect Passive

(Аяқталған келер шақ ырықсыз етіс)

Forming Perfect Tenses Passive (Жасалуы)

have/has + been + Past

had

+

been

+

Past

shall/will + have been +




Participle

Participle

Past Participle

Singular (Жекеше түрі)

I

have been invited

had been invited

shall have been invited

You

have been invited

had been invited

will have been invited

He

has been invited

had been invited

will have been invited

She

has been invited

had been invited

will have been invited

Plural (Көпше түрі)

We You They

have been invited have been invited have been invited

had been invited had been invited had been invited

shall have been invited will have been invited will have been invited

Examples (Мысалдар)

I have been invited to the party. –Мен отырысқа шақырылдым.

The report had been written by 6 o`clock. – Баяндама сағат 6-да жазылып болған.

By 2 o`clock this contract will have been signed. – Сағат 2-де келісім шартқа қол қойылады.


THE CONTINUOUS TENSES PASSIVE





The Present Continuous Passive

The Past Continuous Passive

Forming Perfect Tenses Passive (Жасалуы)

am/are/is + being + Past Participle

was/were + being + Past Participle

Singular (Жекеше түрі)

I

am being invited

was being invited

You

are being invited

were being invited

He

is being invited

was being invited

She

is being invited

was being invited

Plural (Көпше түрі)

We

You

They

are being invited

are being invited

are being invited


were being invited

were being invited

were being invited




Examples (Мысалдар)

A new skating-rink is being built in our city.

–Біздің қалада жаңа мұз айдыны салынып жатыр.

This question is being discussed at the meeting.

– Бұл сұрақ жиналыста талқыланып жатыр.

This question was being discussed when I entered the room.

–Мен бөлмеге кіргенде, бұл сұрақ талқыланып жатты.




ЫРЫҚСЫЗ ЕТІСТІҢ БЕРІЛУІ








Indefinite

Continuous

Perfect

Present

I am invited

I am being invited

I have been invited

Past

I was invited

I was being invited

I had been invited

Future

I shall be invited

-

I shall have been invited

Future in the Past

I should be invited

-

I should have been invited



USING THE ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE

НЕГІЗГІ ЕТІС ПЕН ЫРЫҚСЫЗ ЕТІСТІҢ ҚОЛДАНЫЛУЫ


The Active Voice (Негізгі етіс)

The Passive Voice (Ырықсыз етіс)

Present Indefinite

We use cranes for lifting heavy weights.

–Біз кранды ауыр жүктерді көтеру үшін қолданамыз.



Cranes are used for lifting heavy weights.

–Кран ауыр жүктерді көтеру үшін қолданылады.

Past Indefinite

The customs officers examined our luggage yesterday. –Кеден қызметкерлері біздің жүктерімізді кеше қарады.

Our luggage was examined by the customs officers yesterday. –Біздің жүктер кеден қызметкерлерімен кеше қаралды.

Future Indefinite

They will build the bridge next year. –

Олар келесі жылы көпір салады.

The bridge will be built next year. –

Көпір келесі жылы салынады.




Future Indefinite in the Past

He said that they would build the bridge next year. – Ол келесі жылы олардың көпір салатындығын айтты.

He said that the bridge would be built next year. – Ол көпір келесі жылы салынатындығын айтты.

Present Continuous

They are discussing this question at the meeting. – Олар бұл сұрақты жиналыста талқылап жатыр.

This question is being discussed at the meeting. – Бұл сұрақ жиналыста талқыланып жатыр.

Past Continuous

They were discussing this question when I entered the room. – Мен бөлмеге кіргенде, олар осы сұрақты талқылап жатыр екен.

This question was being discussed when I entered the room. – Мен бөлмеге кіргенде, бұл сұрақ талқыланып жатты.

Present Perfect

The typist has just typed the letter. – Хатшы қазір ғана хатты жазып болды.

The letter has just been typed. – Хат қазір ғана жазылып бітті.

Past Perfect

She showed me the article which her brother had translated. – Ол өзінің ағасы аударған мақаланы маған көрсетті.

She showed me the article which had been translated by her brother. – Ол маған өзінің ағасының көмегімен аударылған мақаланы көрсетті.

Future Perfect

I shall have translated the article by six o`clock. – Мен сағат алтыда мақаланы аударамын.

The article will have been translated by six o`clock. – Мақала сағат алтыда аударылады.

Future Perfect in the Past

I said that I should have translated the article by six o`clock. – Мен сағат алтыда мақаланы аударатынымды айттым.

I said that the article would have been translated by six o`clock. – Мен мақала сағат алтыда аударылатынын айттым.




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