Учебное пособие для специальностей «Переводческое дело» и«Иностранный язык: два иностранных языка»

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UNIT 4. VOCABULARY SYSTEM IN OLD ENGLISH § 1. Native words

voicing of the fricatives
f, s, þ
to
v, z, ð
between
vocalic sounds:
wefan – weave
,
cēosan – choose
,
oþer – other
.
All single consonants except
r
were doubled after a short vowel before a
following [j]:
Gt
. habjan >
OE
hebban
(heave);
Gt
. taljan >
OE
tellan
(tell);
The consonant
c
before a front vowel was usually palatalized and approached
the affricate [t

] –
cild
(child). The group
sc
before a front vowel was also palatalized
and approached [

] –
scip
(ship).
The sound
n
disappeared before the fricatives
f, h, s, þ
with the lengthening of
the preceding vowel: G
. fünf >
OE
fīf
.
Other prominent changes included the following:
a) the cluster
fn
often became
mn
:
stefn > stemn
(voice);
b) any velar consonant +
t
>
ht
:
sōcte > sōhte
(sought);
c) any labial consonant +
t
>
ft
:
ʒesceapt > ʒesceaft
(creature);
d) any dental consonant +
t
>
ss
:
witte > wisse
(knew).
UNIT 4. VOCABULARY SYSTEM IN OLD ENGLISH
§ 1. Native words
The precise and total extent of the OE vocabulary is not known to present-day
linguists. It is supposed that Old English had about 30,000 words, but this figure
cannot represent the full amount of words in the Old English language. A great part
of the Old English vocabulary may not have been recorded at all and have been lost.
The OE vocabulary was mainly homogeneous, that is, it consisted mostly of
native words, loan-words being a very small part of the vocabulary.
Native OE words are subdivided into several etymological layers coming from
different historical periods. The three main layers of the native OE words are: 1)

20
common Indo-European words, 2) common Germanic words, 3) specifically OE
words.
1)

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