Учебное пособие для специальностей «Переводческое дело» и«Иностранный язык: два иностранных языка»

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§ 3. Consonants
English consonants were on the whole far more stable than vowels. A large
number of consonants have probably remained unchanged through all historical
periods. Thus we can assume that the sonorants [m, n, l], the plosives [p, b, t, d] and
also [k, g] in most positions have not been subjected to any noticeable changes. They
are found in many words descending from OE though their correlations in the system
of phonemes have altered to a varying degree. The most important changes affecting
the ME system of consonants are as follows:
1) OE palatal [k‟] turned into the affricate [t
ʃ
] in the beginning of words before
front vowels; in medial position before „i‟; and in the final position after „i‟. E.g. OE
cild
> ME
child
> MnE
child
OE
cirice
> ME
chirche
> MnE
church
OE
ic
> ME
ich
> MnE
I
OE [sk‟] turned into [ʃ]
e.g. OE
scip
> ME
ship
> MnE s
hip

41
OE
sceal
> ME
shal
> MnE
shall
2) OE [g‟] turned into the affricate [d
ʒ
]
e.g. OE
brycʒ
> ME
bridge
> MnE
bridge
3) Words beginning with
hl-, hn-, hr-,
lose their initial
h
:
e.g. OE
hlāfor
d > ME
lord
> MnE
lord
OE
hnutu
> ME
nute
> MnE
nut
OE
hrinʒ
> ME
ring
> MnE
ring
4) The verb
māken
(to make) in the forms of the past tense and Participle II lost
its sound [k]:
mākede – mākde – made.

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