Учебное пособие состоит из двух частей и англо-русского словаря. Материалом для пособия послужило американское издание для изучающих компьютер P. Norton "Introduction to Computers"
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| Read-only memory (ROM) is nonvolatile (or permanent); it holds instructions that run the computer when the power is first turned on. ROM contains a set of start-up instructions, which ensures that the rest of memory is functioning properly, checks for hardware devices, and checks for an operating system on the computer's disk drives. The data in ROM cannot be changed.
Random-access memory (RAM) is volatile (read/write, or temporary); programs and data can be written to and erased from RAM as needed. The purpose of RAM is to hold programs and data while they are in use. The more RAM a computer has, the more it can do and the faster it can perform certain tasks. The CPU accesses each location in memory by using a unique number called the memory address. A memory address is a number that indicates a location on the memory chips. There are two types of RAM: dynamic and static. Dynamic RAM (DRAM) must be refreshed, or recharged with electricity frequently; otherwise, it will lose its contents. Static RAM is not refreshed often and can hold its contents longer than dynamic RAM. SRAM is also considerably faster than DRAM. Moving data between RAM and the CPU's registers is one of the most time-consuming operations a CPU must perform, simply because RAM is much slower than the CPU. A partial solution to this problem is to include a cache memory in the CPU. Cache memory is a type of high-speed memory that contains the most recent data and instructions loaded by the CPU. The amount of cache memory has a tremendous impact on the computer's speed. Vocabulary: to contain [kqn'tein] – содержать to operate ['opqreit] – работать entire [in'taiq] – целостный, весь permanent ['pq:mqnqnt] – постоянный permanently ['pq:mqnqntli] – постоянно area ['Fqriq] – область, участок a few [q'fju:] – несколько in addition to [in q'diSn tq] – в дополнение к, кроме того space [speis] – пространство, область either … or … ['aiDq L]- или … или …, либо … либо … read-only memory (ROM) [ri:d 'qunli 'memqri] – постоянное запоминающее устройство (ПЗУ) random access memory ['rxndqm 'xkses 'memqri] (RAM) – оперативное запоминающее устройство (ОЗУ) dynamic RAM [dai'nxmik rxm]– динамическое ОЗУ static RAM ['stxtik rxm] - статическое ОЗУ volatile ['volqtail] – энергозависимый nonvolatile [‚non'volqtail] – энергонезависимый to run [rAn] – запускать power ['pauq] – мощность, питание to turn on [tq:n 'on] – включать start-up instructions ['stRt'Ap ins'trAkSnz] – начальные инструкции, команды to ensure [in'Suq] – гарантировать, обеспечивать rest (of) [rest] – остальная часть (чего-л.) to function ['fANkSn] – работать, функционировать proper ['propq] – правильный, надлежащий, должный properly ['propqli] – правильно, должным образом, как следует to check [tSek] – проверять disk drive ['disk draiv] – дисковод to change [tSeinG] – менять, изменять temporary ['tempqrqri] – временный, промежуточный to erase [i'reiz] – стирать to need [ni:d] – нуждаться fast [fRst] = quickly ['kwikli] – быстро slowly ['slquli] – медленно to access [q'kses] – иметь доступ unique [ju:'ni:k] – уникальный to indicate ['indikeit] – указывать to refresh [ri'freS]– обновлять to charge [tSRG] – заряжать to recharge [ri'tSRG] – перезаряжать frequently ['fri:kwqntli] = often ['ofn] – часто otherwise ['ADqwaiz] – в противном случае to lose (lost, lost) [lu:z] – терять contents ['kontents] – содержание, содержимое considerably [kqn'sidqrqbli] – значительно to move [mu:v] – перемещать(ся), пересылать time-consuming ['taimkqn'sju:miN] – забирающий много времени simple ['simpl]– простой simply ['simpli]– просто жүктеу/скачать 0,7 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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