Structured and Object-Oriented Programming

1. 
   Read and translate the text:
   

1. to structure ['strAktSq] – структурировать

2. 
   object ['obGikt] – объект
   

3. 
   to evolve [i'volv] – возникать, появляться
   
4. 
   to refer [ri'fW] – иметь отношение, относиться (к ч.-л.)
   
5. 
   default [di'fLlt] – используемый по умолчанию
   
6. 
   control flow [kqn'trqul flqu] – управляющая логика (программы)
   
7. 
   line [lain] – строка
   
8. 
   possible ['posqbl] – возможный
   
9. 
   conditional statement [kqn'diSqnl 'steitmqnt] – условное утверждение, услов­ный оператор
   
10. 
    function call ['fANkSn kLl] – вызов функции, обращение к функции
    
11. 
    option ['opSn]– опция
    
12. 
    different ['difrqnt] – различный, разный
    
13. 
    selection [sq'lekSn] – выбор, отбор
    
14. 
    true [tru:] – истинный
    

18. 
    to become [bi'kAm] (became, become) – становиться
    
19. 
    concept ['konsept] – понятие
    
20. 
    to enhance [in'hRns] – расширять, совершенствовать
    
21. 
    to compose [kqm'pquz] – составлять; to be composed (of) – быть составленным, состоять (из)
    
22. 
    attribute ['xtribju:t] – атрибут, свойство, характеристика
    
23. 
    top speed [top spi:d]– максимальная скорость
    
24. 
    forward ['fLwqd] – вперёд
    

25. 
    to encapsulate [in'kxpsju:leit] – заключать в себе, включать в себя
    
26. 
    tire ['taiq] – шина, покрышка
    
27. 
    chassis ['Sxsi:] – шасси
    
28. 
    drive-train ['draivtrein] – двигатель
    
29. 
    to belong (to) [bi'loN] – принадлежать (ч.-л.)
    
30. 
    steering wheel ['stiqriN wi:l] – рулевое колесо
    
31. 
    to drive [draiv] (drove, driven) – ехать
    
32. 
    reverse [ri'vq:s] – обратный, в обратном направлении
    
33. 
    to accelerate [qk'selqreit] – увеличивать скорость
    

34. 
    member ['membq]– член, элемент набора, элемент множества
    
35. 
    luxury ['lAkSqri] – роскошь
    
36. 
    parent ['pFqrqnt] – родительский, порождающий
    
37. 
    to inherit [in'herit] – наследовать
    

38. 
    to instantiate [ins'txntieit] – создавать экземпляр
    
39. 
    behavior [bi'heivjq] – поведение, линия поведения, характер изменения
    
40. 
    spontaneously [spon'teinjqsli] – спонтанно, непроизвольно
    
41. 
    to press [pres] – нажимать, надавливать
    
42. 
    likewise ['laikwaiz] – подобно, так же, таким же образом
    
43. 
    message ['mesiG] – сообщение, передаваемый блок информации
    
44. 
    to request [ri'kwest] – запрашивать
    
45. 
    to identify [ai'dentifai] – идентифицировать, распознавать
    

II. Answer the questions:

1. 
   What is structured programming?
   
2. 
   What are the three structures used in structured programming?
   
3. 
   How does sequence structure work?
   
4. 
   What is the difference between selection structure and repetition structure?
   
5. 
   When was object-oriented programming developed?
   
6. 
   What are the basic concepts of object-oriented programming?
   
7. 
   What is an object made up of?
   
8. 
   What is an object characterized by?
   
9. 
   Give the example of an object and its attributes and functions.
   
10. 
    What does a class consist of?
    
11. 
    What are class attributes and functions called?
    
12. 
    Give an example of a subclass.
    
13. 
    What is meant by class inheritance?
    
14. 
    How do objects perform functions in object-oriented programming?
    

1. 
   There are three basic structures used in structured programming.
   
2. 
   Sequence structure defines the default control flow in a program.
   
3. 
   Sequence structure and selection structure are similar.
   
4. 
   With selection structure, if the condition is true, then a block of one or more commands is repeated until the condition is false.
   
5. 
   With the repetition structure, the program checks a conditional statement and executes a loop based on the condition.
   
6. 
   Object-oriented programming was developed in the 1970s.
   
7. 
   With the OOP programming becomes faster.
   
8. 
   The basic concepts of object-oriented programming are objects, classes and structures.
   
9. 
   Every object in OOP may encapsulate other objects.
   
10. 
    All objects belong to subclasses.
    
11. 
    Class inheritance means that subclasses of objects typically have all the attributes and methods of the parent class.
    
12. 
    In OOP, messages are sent to objects for them to perform a specific function.
    

4. 
   Fill in the blanks:
   

1. 
   ___________, ___________ and ____________ are used in structured programming.
   
2. 
   Selection structures are built around _______________.
   
3. 
   In a repetition structure, the program _____________ a conditional statement and _____________ a loop based on the condition.
   
4. 
   The acronym OOP stands for ______________.
   
5. 
   With the object- oriented programming programs become ___________ and programming becomes _____________.
   
6. 
   A(an) ________________ is a component of an object’s overall description.
   
7. 
   Class attributes are called ___________, and class functions are represented as ____________.
   
8. 
   Subclasses have _____________ and _____________ characteristics.
   
9. 
   In the language of OOP, objects are _____________.
   
10. 
    Objects send ________________ to one another, to make requests.
    

4. 
   Choose the right answer:
   

1. 
   With this structure, if the condition is true, then a block of one or more commands is repeated until the condition is false.
   
   1. 
      Selection structure c. Sequence structure
      
   2. 
      Repetition structure d. All the above
      
2. 
   In structured programming selection structures rely (полагаются) on the use of
   

1. 
   Conditional statements c. Functions
   
2. 
   Loops d. Objects
   

3. 
   The basic concepts of object-oriented programming are
   
   1. 
      Classes c. None of the above
      
   2. 
      Objects d. All the above
      
4. 
   In object-oriented programming attributes and functions define a(an)
   
   1. 
      Object c. Class
      
   2. 
      Statement d. Subclass
      
5. 
   In object-oriented programming the term “encapsulate” means
   
   1. 
      Contain c. Evolve
      
   2. 
      Enhance d. None of the above
      
6. 
   Objects can share attributes and functions. Taken together, these shared attributes and functions constutute (составляют) a
   
   1. 
      Class c. Member
      
   2. 
      Message d. Condition
      
7. 
   All objects belong to
   
   1. 
      Members c. Messages
      
   2. 
      Classes d. Statements
      
8. 
   In the language of object-oriented programming the term “instantiate” means
   
   1. 
      Send c. Create
      
   2. 
      Inherit d. Include
      

4. 
   Match each item to the correct statement below:
   

1. 
   Structured programming c. Sequence structure
   
2. 
   Object-oriented programming d. Selection structure
   

1. 
   Uses attributes and functions.
   
2. 
   Controls program flow in three ways.
   
3. 
   Built around the conditional statements.
   
4. 
   Built into programming languages.
   
5. 
   Earlier development.
   
6. 
   Makes programming faster.
   

1. 
   Class c. Data members
   
2. 
   Subclass d. Data functions
   
1. 
   Have all the attributes and methods of the parent class.
   
2. 
   Objects belong to them.
   
3. 
   Class attributes are referred to them.
   
4. 
   Class functions are called so.
   
5. 
   Have both inherited and unique characteristics.
   
6. 
   Consists of attributes and functions shared by more than one object.
   

4. 
   Speak on the contents of the text using the following chart: