Учебное пособие состоит из двух частей и англо-русского словаря. Материалом для пособия послужило американское издание для изучающих компьютер P. Norton "Introduction to Computers"

The systems development life cycle (SDLC) is an organized method for building an information system. The SDLC includes five phases: needs analysis, systems design, development, implementation, and maintenance.

Vocabulary:

1. 
   information system (IS) [‚infq'meiSn 'sistqm] – информационная система
   
2. 
   mechanism ['mekqnizm] – механизм
   
3. 
   to collect [kq'lekt] – собирать
   
4. 
   means [mi:nz] – средство
   
5. 
   delivery [di'livqri] – доставка
   
6. 
   manual ['mxnjuql] – ручной, неавтоматизированный
   
7. 
   card catalog [kRd 'kxtqlog] – картотека
   

11. 
    decision support system [di'siZn sq'pLt 'sistqm] – система поддержки принятия решений (СППР)
    
12. 
    expert system ['ekspq:t 'sistqm] – экспертная система
    
13. 
    to automate ['Ltqmeit] – автоматизировать
    
14. 
    routine [ru: 'ti:n] – рутинный, повседневный
    
15. 
    accounting [q'kauntiN] – бухгалтерский учёт, бухгалтерское дело
    
16. 
    to track [trxk] – отслеживать
    
17. 
    to run [rAn] – вести (дело, предприятие); работать
    
18. 
    status ['steitqs] – состояние
    
19. 
    billing ['biliN] – выписывание счёта, накладной
    
20. 
    to aid [eid] = to assist [q'sist]– помогать, оказывать помощь
    
21. 
    to decide [di'said] – решать, принимать решение
    

22. 
    knowledge ['noliG] – знание, знания
    

23. 
    expert ['ekspq:t] – специалист, эксперт
    
24. 
    to analyze ['xnqlaiz] – анализировать
    
25. 
    course of action ['kLs qv 'xkSn] – ход действий
    
26. 
    computer scientist [kqm'pju:tq 'saiqntist] – специалист по вычислительным системам
    
27. 
    systems analyst ['sistqmz 'xnqlist] – системный аналитик, специалист по системному анализу
    
28. 
    programmer ['prougrxmq] – программист
    
29. 
    user assistance architect ['ju:zq q'sistqns 'Rkitekt] – специалист по оказа­нию помощи пользователям
    
30. 
    technical writer ['teknikql 'raitq] – технический писатель, редактор техниче­ской документации
    
31. 
    to train [trein] – обучать
    

32. 
    hardware maintenance technician ['hRdwFq 'meintinqns tek'niSn] – специа­лист по аппаратному обеспечению
    
33. 
    to be involved (in) [in'volvd] – заниматься (ч.-л.)
    
34. 
    systems development life cycle (SDLC) ['sistimz di'velqpmqnt laif 'saikl] – жизнен­ный цикл разработки системы
    
35. 
    phase [feiz] – фаза, этап
    
36. 
    needs analysis [ni:dz q'nxlisis] – анализ потребностей
    
37. 
    systems design ['sistimz d'izain] – проектирование системы
    
38. 
    development [di'velqpmqnt] – разработка
    
39. 
    implementation [‚implimqn'teiSn] – внедрение, реализация, ввод в работу
    
40. 
    maintenance ['meintinqns] – эксплуатация, техническое обслуживание
    
41. 
    team [ti:m] – группа
    
42. 
    to proceed [prq'si:d] – продолжать
    
43. 
    current ['kArqnt] – текущий
    
44. 
    to select [si'lekt] – выбирать, отбирать
    
45. 
    activity [xk'tiviti] – действие, операция
    
46. 
    key [ki:] – ключевой
    
47. 
    to customize ['kAstqmaiz] – настроить
    
48. 
    alternative [Ll'tq:nqtiv] – альтернативный
    
49. 
    acquistion [‚xkwi'ziSn] – получение, приобретение
    
50. 
    to test [test] – испытывать, проверять, контролировать, тестировать
    
51. 
    integral ['intigrql] – неотъемлемый
    
52. 
    to install [in'stLl] – устанавливать, вводить в действие
    
53. 
    conversion [kqn'vq:Sn] – преобразование, переход
    
54. 
    to follow ['folqu] – следовать
    
55. 
    pilot ['pailqt] – пробный, экспериментальный
    
56. 
    ongoing ['on‚gquiN] – непрерывный
    
57. 
    fix [fiks] – настройка
    
58. 
    improvement [im'pru:vmqnt] – усовершенствование
    
59. 
    throughout [Tru:'aut] – повсюду, везде
    
60. 
    to remain [ri'mein] – оставаться
    

2. 
   Answer the questions:
   

III. Tell whether the following statements are true or false:

1. 
   An information system helps people collect and use information.
   
2. 
   Information systems do nothing more than store and retrieve data.
   
3. 
   There is only one type of a computerized information system.
   
4. 
   An office automation system is designed to help users handle information-related tasks more efficiently.
   
5. 
   A well-designed transaction processing system helps the users track every part of a transaction, from the moment it begins until its completion.
   
6. 
   Decision support systems are used to process business transactions.
   
7. 
   A management information system can produce reports that are useful to different types of managers in an organization.
   
8. 
   Expert systems are based on a large collection of human expertise in a specific area.
   
9. 
   In large organizations the IS department may include hundreds or even thousands of workers.
   
10. 
    The systems development life cycle is composed of six phases.
    
11. 
    The systems development life cycle is so called because it covers the entire life of an information system.
    
12. 
    The needs analysis phase begins when a solution is identified for a new or modified information system.
    
13. 
    Programmers play the key role in the development phase of the systems development life cycle.
    
14. 
    Programmers have the option of developing software from scratch (на пустом месте) or acquiring (приобрести) existing software and modifying it as needed.
    
15. 
    Testing typically begins during the last phase of the SDLC.
    
16. 
    In the implementation phase the system is installed in the user environment.
    
17. 
    After a new information system has been implemented changes can be made during the maintenance phase of the SDLC.
    

1. 
   Fill in the blanks:
   

1. 
   A(n) _____________ system uses computers to carry out various operations, such as word processing, accounting, document management or communications.
   
2. 
   Decision support systems generate specific _____________ that managers can use in making mission-critical (важные для решения задач) decisions.
   
3. 
   The IS department is responsible for generating the _____________ that a business needs to run effectively and efficiently.
   
4. 
   The ______________ is an organized method for building an information system.
   
5. 
   During the _____________ phase of the SDLC the project team tackles the “how” of the selected solution.
   
6. 
   During the development phase developers may ___________ some components and ____________ others.
   
7. 
   The four conversion methods commonly used in information system implementation are called __________, __________, __________ and __________.
   
8. 
   The final phase of the SDLC is called the __________ phase.
   

4. 
   Choose the right answer:
   

1. 
   Modern information systems feature tools that enable users to
   
   1. 
      Sort information c. Analyze information
      
   2. 
      Categorize information d. All the above
      

2. 
   Office automation systems are used to perform operations, such as
   
   1. 
      Transaction processing c. Decision making
      
   2. 
      Word processing d. Developing a course of action
      

3. 
   To collect and report certain types of business data which can aid managers in the decision-making process companies typically use
   
   1. 
      Transaction processing system c. Management information system
      
   2. 
      Expert system d. Decision support systems
      

4. 
   In many companies computerized information systems are created and managed by a(n)
   
   1. 
      Information Systems department c. Expert Systems department
      
   2. 
      Decision Support department d. Nobody
      

5. 
   The acronym SDLC stands for
   

6. 
   The first phase of the SDLC is called the
   
   1. 
      Systems design phase c. Needs analysis phase
      
   2. 
      Development phase d. None of the above
      

7. 
   During the needs analysis phase the first task is to
   
   1. 
      Talk to users of the system
      
   2. 
      Decide whether to buy or build the needed software
      
   3. 
      Define the problem
      
   4. 
      All the above
      

8. 
   There are two alternative paths through this phase: the acquisition phase or the development path.
   
   1. 
      Needs analysis c. Systems design
      
   2. 
      Implementation d. Development
      

9. 
   The process of moving from an old system to a new system is called
   
   1. 
      Implementation c. Development
      
   2. 
      Conversion d. Maintenance
      

10. 
    During which phase are errors corrected in the system?
    
    1. 
       Development c. Implementation
       
    2. 
       Needs analysis d. Maintenance
       

1. 
   Match each item to the correct statement below:
   

1. 
   Office automation system d. Expert system
   
2. 
   Transaction processing system e. Management information system
   
3. 
   Decision support system
   

1. 
   Helps to perform tasks, such as word processing, accounting, document management or communications.
   
2. 
   Provides information for different types of managers.
   
3. 
   Does tasks normally done by humans.
   
4. 
   Tracks series of events.
   
5. 
   Helps managers to make decisions.
   
6. 
   Recommends a course of action.
   

1. 
   Needs analysis c. Implementation
   
2. 
   Systems design d. Maintenance
   
3. 
   Development
   
1. 
   The first phase of the SDLC.
   
2. 
   Programmers are key players.
   
3. 
   Focuses on “how” the system will work.
   
4. 
   The last phase of the SDLC.
   
5. 
   Software is created now.
   
6. 
   Conversion of some type is performed.
   

VII. Speak on the contents of the text using the following chart: