Учебное пособие состоит из двух частей и англо-русского словаря. Материалом для пособия послужило американское издание для изучающих компьютер P. Norton "Introduction to Computers"
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Morozova E.N. English for IT Students(2)
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- Presentation Programs
Desktop Publishing SoftwareDesktop publishing (DTP) software is specialized for designing and laying out long or complex documents. Documents created in DTP software are ready to be sent to a professional printer. Spreadsheet Software Spreadsheet programs provide tools for working with numerical data. Leading spreadsheet programs include Microsoft Excel, Corel Quattro Pro, and Lotus 1-2-3. In addition to standard interface components, a spreadsheet also provides a formula bar where you can enter, view, and edit data. In a spreadsheet program, you work in a worksheet. Worksheets can be collected into groups called workbooks. A worksheet contains a series of columns and rows. Each row-and-column intersection is called a cell. Cells contain the data in the worksheet. Each cell is identified by a cell address, which is the combination of the cell's column letter and row number. You can enter text, values, dates, and formulas in the cells of a worksheet. Formulas are used to perform calculations in the worksheet. Formulas can use cell references to use data in other cells. A function is a predefined formula provided by the spreadsheet program. Spreadsheets provide many of the same formatting tools found in word processors. You can select a contiguous group of cells, called a range, for formatting or editing. Values and dates can be formatted in numerous ways. Spreadsheet programs provide charting tools, which let you create graphical representations of your data. To create a chart, select the data to be charted, select a chart type, and set the desired chart options. The spreadsheet program creates the chart for you. Spreadsheets are useful for analyzing your data. Analysis can help you reach a desired numeric result. What-if analysis lets you test different scenarios to see how each affects the results of a calculation. Goal seeking and sorting are other common data analysis tools found in spreadsheets. Database Management System A database management system is a program, or collection of programs, that allows any number of users to access and modify the data in a database. Many different DBMS programs are available. Enterprise-level products, such as Oracle, DB2, and Sybase, are designed to manage large corporate or special-purpose database systems. Programs such as Microsoft Access, Corel's Paradox, and Lotus Approach are popular among individual and small-business database users. The DBMS interface presents the user with data and the tools required to work with the data. Data management functions include: creating tables, entering and editing data, viewing data, sorting records, querying the database, generating reports. To create a new database, you must first determine what kind of data will be stored in each table. In other words, you must define the table's fields with a three-step process: name the field, specify the field type, specify the field size. Most modern database systems can work with seven predefined field types: text fields, numeric fields, date fields, logical fields (called Boolean fields), binary fields, counter fields (sometimes called autonumber fields) and memo fields (also called description fields). After the table has been set up, data can be entered. In most cases, entering data is a matter of typing characters at the keyboard. Most DBMSs allow you to create a data entry form to make data entry easier. Sometimes viewing the entire table is unwieldy because there are too many entries. For displaying a selected list or subset of records from a table filters can be used. They tell the DBMS to display those records that satisfy the condition while hiding – or filtering out – those that do not. One of the most powerful features of a DBMS is the ability to sort a table of data, either for a printed report or for display on the screen. Sorting arranges records according to the contents of one or more fields. For example, in a table of products, you can sort records into numerical order by product name or into alphabetical order by product name. You can enter expressions or criteria that allow the DBMS to locate records, establish relationships or links between tables to update records, list a subset of records, perform calculations, delete obsolete records, perform other data management tasks. Any of these types of requests is called a query, a user-constructed statement that describes data and sets criteria so that the DBMS can gather the relevant data and construct specific information. In the mid 1970s mainframe database developers created the Structured English QUEry Language (SEQUEL), and its later variant SQL. They are English-like query languages that allow the user to query a database without knowing much about the underlying database structure. In addition to SQL, PC-based databases sometimes use a query/programming language called Xbase. Not all DBMS operations have to occur on screen. Just as forms can be based on queries, so can reports. A report is printed information that, like a query result, is assembled by gathering data based on user-supplied criteria. In fact, report generators in most DBMSs create reports from queries. Presentation ProgramsPresentation programs enable you to create a series of slides that can be used to support a discussion. A presentation can be saved as a single file containing one slide or many slides that are used together. Slides can include different types of text, charts, tables, and graphics. Most presentation programs provide templates, which are predesigned slides. Slides can be formatted with different fonts, colors, backgrounds, and borders. Using frames, you can resize many of the elements in a slide. Presentation programs provide several special features that enable you to add annotations to your slide show, create animations within slides, convert a slide to an HTML document, and more. You can add different media types, such as audio or video files, to your slides. If you present your slide show directly from your PC's disk (and if the system is connected to a suitable video and audio output device), you can present its multimedia elements. You can print your slides and present them using a slide projector or overhead projector. An efficient way to present a slide show is to display the slides directly from the PC's disk. This technique enables you to present slides out of order or even mark slides as they appear on the screen. Depending on the size of your audience and room, you can display slides on the PC's monitor, project them onto a screen, or connect the PC to a television or larger display. You can move from one slide to the next manually, or you can automate the presentation so that each slide appears on screen for a set amount of time before being replaced by the next slide. жүктеу/скачать 0,7 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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