Университеттің 85 жылдығына арналған Қазіргі заманғы математика
Университеттің 85 жылдығына арналған «Қазіргі заманғы математика
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| Университеттің 85 жылдығына арналған «Қазіргі заманғы математика:
проблемалары және қолданыстары» III халықаралық Тайманов оқуларының материалдар жинағы, 25 қараша, 2022 жыл 298 1. To identify the psychological and pedagogical concept of educational activity, which can be used as the basis for the development of methods of teaching primary school students to solve text problems, focused on the formation of educational activity. Give a methodological interpretation of the concept of educational activity. 2. To analyze the theory and practice of teaching to solve text problems from the point of view of their impact on the formation of educational activities of primary school students. 3. To develop and experimentally test a method of teaching primary school students to solve text problems, the implementation of which would ensure the purposeful formation of the educational activities of younger schoolchildren. A methodological approach to learning to solve text problems, consisting of the following. Learning to solve text problems is learning: a) knowledge about the tasks, about the stages of solving the problem, about the purpose and possible ways (techniques) of implementing each stage; b) the ability to choose and apply techniques for implementing each stage when solving a specific task. This learning takes place as a result of an organized and teacher-driven learning process. (with varying degrees of direct assistance to children) a sequence of holistic acts of educational activity. Methods of familiarizing students with the task and its elements, with the process of solving the problem; methods of teaching students the techniques (methods) for implementing each stage of the solution. The key idea of this method is as follows: the educational activity of students when teaching them to solve text problems is an activity, the main and conscious (by students) purpose of which is to master the constructive components of the general ability to solve problems. Consideration of learning to solve text problems from the point of view of the formation and development of educational activities of primary school students allowed: a) determine what knowledge about the task, about the stages of solution, about the methods of implementation of each of them should be mastered by children and what techniques to learn; b) clarify the concepts of "problem solving", "learning to solve problems", "method of solving problems", "self-control in educational activities"; c ) identify the possibilities of teaching various methods of checking problem solving in the formation of self-control of schoolchildren; d) develop a list of possible techniques for performing each stage of the task solution; e) establish the non-identity of the concepts of "methods of teaching problem solving" and " methods of solving problems in the classroom»; f) prove that the necessary condition for the formation of the educational activity of primary school students in teaching them to solve text problems is the organization of integral acts of educational activity; g) to establish meaningful links between the general pedagogical concept of "educational task" and the concept of "text task", to clarify some methodological concepts. Educational activity is one of the types of activity. The characterization of the concept of "educational activity" should therefore be based on a more general concept of activity. In the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, the concept of activity is defined as follows: "Activity is a specifically human form of active attitude to the surrounding world, the content of which is its expedient change and transformation." Activities aimed at obtaining a material product as a result of changes in the objects of activity are called practical, and activities aimed at obtaining knowledge — theoretical. This division is conditional. These types of activities are interrelated, interpenetrate each other, and can pass into each other. For us, it is also important to state the philosophy that not only the object (object) to which the activity is directed changes in activity, |