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NEW APPROACHES TO THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING
AT AZERBAIJAN STATE UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS AND
DISCUSSING ITS NEW SYLLABUS
Orujova S.
PhD in Philology, head teacher Azerbaijan State University of Economics,
«Foreign Languages» department, Baku, Azerbaijan
During the post-Soviet period foreign language teaching differed more than it does
nowadays. Lack of state-of –the-art technology, bad equipped auditoriums had a great
impact on this falling behind. While taking part at English lessons you could observe only
thin hardcover books on the desks of the classrooms and small tape-recorders playing
some listening tracks in the English language. But this case met the requirements of those
times. Foreign language teaching, especially English language teaching was not of a great
importance: Azerbaijan Republic had not gained its state independence, political and
economic relations with other foreign countries hadn’t been developed. In other words,
the dependent country hadn’t integrated to different and foreign world, not opened its
doors to investors.
But the unforeseen moment came. In 1992, on October the 18th Azerbaijan got its
independence and everything changed in the minds of the population: the decisions, the
steps the people were going to take in further development of economy, politics and even
in education system of the country. Development of economic relations of the country
with foreign ones meant improvement of English language teaching. It was stimulated
by « Contract of the Century» . The Agreement was signed in Gulistan Palace of Baku
on September 20, 1994 which was later named as the Contract of the Century due to
its tremendous importance. 13 companies from 8 countries participated in signing
of the Contract of the Century. This contract was a flow of English speaking people
to Azerbaijan, new workplaces where people spoke the global language – English. So
preparation of army of foreign language teachers and the teaching process itself changed
a lot. If we take a glance at the lessons at Azerbaijan University of Languages, we can see
new textbooks and belles-lettres in the languages taught, especially in English. Certainly
it changed the atmosphere of the lessons at the University. The students were able to
hear native speakers on CDs attached with books, watch DVDs in English; moreover, see
the lively dialogues performed by actors and actresses abroad. While teaching a foreign
language many problems can be met. For choosing methods of foreign language teaching
attention should be paid on aims of teaching a foreign language. Nowadays compared
to a teaching of Azerbaijani language to native auditorium varies from teaching of the
English language to the same auditorium. Teaching English at Azerbaijan State University
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of Economics has a great and interesting history. «As known, this international foreign
language has being taught at Azerbaijan universities for many years. A bright example of
it is UNEC. For about 9 years ago future economists of Azerbaijan could learn Business
English for three years at the university» [1; p. 167]. Teaching Business English was quite
a new approach for Azerbaijani learners. Because they had got used to simple general
words and word-combinations. Firstly, Business English had been taught to the students
for three years. The first textbook on Business English was «English for businessmen» in
six volumes by I. F. Jdanova, O. E. Kudryacheva, N. S. Popova and others. Then teachers
had to take different range of words and make up business situations. There were sample
of formal business letters in the all volumes of the book. But it was of great importance
to take those books.
As new oil contracts were signed between the country and other foreign ones, the
lecturers had to prepare future economists being able to communicate with foreign
businessmen abroad and within the country. Then other textbooks were «English for
Businessmen» by O. I. Antonov, «Business English» by A. Abbasova, «English on
Economics» by N. Nabiyev, A. Jafarova. In spite of all these attempts, it was impossible to
teach students English comprehensively. In order to possess a foreign language thoroughly,
the person teaching it should try to develop all language skills simultaneously: reading,
writing, speaking and listening. It should be noted that all of these four skills should be
taught to learners while they are at school. You should learn all four skills if you want
to have full access to the language as native speakers do. There are some reasons in
which you may not want to develop all four major language skills. One of them is when
your target language doesn’t allow for use of the four skills. But this is quite different for
Azerbaijani learner. This language allows the student to use all four skills. But how to be
able to do it here at the university majoring on quite a different specialty? This was the
most challenging matter for the department of «Foreign Languages» of Azerbaijan State
University of Economics. But the head of the higher institution had aimed it and wanted to
meet its newly enrolled students with a new syllabus. If as a lecturer of a university wants
his or her student to possess a foreign language which is taught by him or her perfectly,
the lecturer should to be able to share the time of the lesson effectively; to get the students
acquainted with a wide vocabulary, get them ready to listen to the material and to do other
activities. This surely was the most challenging one. Nowadays the syllabus, the lessons
of which are taken by English teachers of «Foreign languages» department satisfies the
demands of today’s education. The goals of the teaching of the subject are mastering the
students reading, writing, listening and speaking skills, developing a skill of usage of new
words and expressions, enhancement of resource of synonyms, comprehending listening
tracks, teaching students habits of expressing their ideas freely in English. The tasks of
the subject are:
• Development of dialogue and monologic speech
• Introduction to the development of writing speech
• Increase of vocabulary
• Explanation of context of texts
• Correction of pronunciation
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As it’s seen, innovation made to a new syllabus was mainly of addition of audio and
writing materials. «Students can improve their listening skills- and gain valuable language
input-through a combination of extensive and intensive listening material and procedures»
[2; p. 303]. Being engaged in listening and comprehending a foreign language material,
may further develop the speaking skill of learners. As first of all, language learners hear the
listening material, write down unknown words they catch while listening to it. Passionate
students are eager to look up those words in dictionaries. So they get a wide vocabulary
and it helps their speaking skills to improve. Most of students of universities are able to
correct their pronunciation by listening the right form and repeating them after a speaker.
Listening shouldn’t be limited with an independent textbook on listening. Moreover, it
includes audio form of the texts to be taken for reading and discussion. It’s advisable to
make students ready to listen to the text firstly, then to do reading exercises. These may
have effective feedback. Listening shouldn’t be only intensive one, a lecturer may tell his
learners to listen to a definite TV or radio program and for the next lesson to analyze and
discuss it on their own or in group. The main textbook taken in order to improve listening
skill of students of Azerbaijan State University of Economics for the first term of 2019-
2020 academic year is «Basic Tactics for Listening» (3rd edition) by Jack C. Richards and
Grant Trew . The book is very interesting and diversified and presents listening exercises
of different kinds. These exercises include matching, true (false) exercises, filling in the
blanks with suitable words and word-combinations. Before doing listening exercises the
lecturers should give some instructions. What are they? Which of them are given to the
first year students of UNEC (Azerbaijan State University of Economics) before starting
listening?
1. An efficient technique is to look at the questions and answers. Work out why the
answer is correct without listening to the recording
2. Pay particular attention to analyzing multiple-choice questions
3. Don’t hurry to choose right answers. Try to listen to the end. Because mostly key to
right answers are at the end of the tracks
One of the most interesting features of the book is total review of four units at the
back pages. It gives a lot of opportunities to the lecturers to check their listening skills on
each four lessons. Practicing listening skills is very important for Azerbaijani auditorium.
Because at listening lessons a foreign language teacher make the students to listen to a
foreign speech, practice and correct their pronunciation. According to the new syllabus
compiled by the department of «Foreign languages» of ASEU, listening skills of students
of the university are evaluated three times a term. Listening shouldn’t be limited only
listening to CDs. As it is done at English lessons of the university, during and also after the
lessons conversations on different topics are held at the university. That’s why most of them
do their bests to learn new words and also use these words in their conversations. One of
the way in foreign language teaching is to make a lively situation where a teacher invites
her co-worker to the lesson and they may deliberately speak on the weather, attendance
of students at the university, etc. In this way student listen to teachers speaking English
a speech that doesn’t greatly differs from one from native speaker′s. In order to increase
vocabulary of students, the lecturer should also make the students to do reading exercises.
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That’s why a new textbook «Aim High» (Elementary) 3-rd edition by Tim Falla, Paul
A. Davies, Paul Kelly for the first semester and the same textbook but pre-intermediate
level are valuable resources for learners. In this way an instructor also try to improve
reading skills of her or his students. One of the distinguished feature of the textbook
is that an author gives the sound track of the texts which are given to be analyzed and
discussed. Writing skills are taught to students by «Writing book», with the help of which
undergraduates firstly learn how write paragraphs, then they are explained the rules of
writing academic essays.
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