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| Вестник КазНПУ имени Абая, Серия «Педагогические науки», №4 (52), 2016 г.
188 instance, the data of the HESA Student Record show that 425,265 foreign students studied in the UK in 2012-2013 [7]. These overseas students have to pay fees for their studies, so they bring the amount of money for UK universities. Nevertheless, the cost of UK universities is considerably expensive and some foreign students complain about it. For example, studying for MPA in University of Nottingham costs UK students 6,830 pounds, but international students must pay 17,500 pounds per year [5]. As taxpayers, UK citizens use the cost-sharing system and they loan money from the government. Meanwhile, overseas students must pay the whole of tuition. UK universities can ask the current worth of their service from students as a commercialized organization. To sum up, UK universities are dependent on students’ tuitions. Students are considered as costumers of higher education. They have to pay for their knowledge, and studying in UK universities is more expensive than in other countries. Nevertheless, the UK government provides loan only for local students, and they can return it if they earn enough money in the future. It is a good opportunity for UK students and they can get knowledge if they want. Futhermore, international students must pay higher than home students, because they are not taxpayers, and as costumers of commercial institutions they must pay for the service of UK universities. In recent years, the UK higher education is commercialized. Commercialization has its own law, such as market and competition. For example, Powers believes that recently, universities, as special research organizations, have become marketable institutions, and they have started to produce their research results as marketable outputs [8]. These conditions of commercialization cause some concerns among scholars, so the question ‘to what extent commercialization would affect academic research?’ has been highly discussed. After the commercialization of higher education, UK universities have become individual and independent. Then this leads to two options, whether universities should work privately with their own research or they should be open. I will explore this controversial issue in the next discussion section. One of the main aims of higher education is doing research. When universities have started commercializing, it causes some concerns among the UK population. Nevertheless, currently UK universities are placed as the most successful universities in the world. For example, recently analysis carried out by Elsevier cited in Hall indicates that UK universities have become the top in terms of research [9]. It also announces that UK universities have been participating in the majority of research, and it consists of 90 per cent. The data show that commercialization does not affect universities negatively in conducting research. Moreover, Ambos et al conducted some surveys regarding universities’ academic research, and they consider that commercialized universities can carry out much research and achieve good results [10]. They mention that ‘Our organizational level findings show that it is possible to achieve ambidexterity at the level of the university through the combination of excellence in scientific research and the provision of a dual structure to facilitate the commercialization of academic inventions’ [10, p. 1441]. According to these resources, we could not say that commercialization is harmful for academic research, in contrast, they describe that this system helps to develop doing research. In addition, UK universities lead in terms of research areas, and UK Higher educational commercialization may support to reach it. On the other hand, some scholars believe that commercialization can cause the retention of academic research. It is undeniable that the primary goal of commercialization is earning money, and it considers how to increase the profit of organizations. Interest only in money could lead to negative effects on academic research. Commercialization of universities is dangerous to the higher education system and he believes it can cause the individualization of universities. It may be reasonable, because it is undeniable that market law requires to work independently and privately. Additionally, commercialization is focused on competition. For instance, educational organizations have been competitive for earlier years and they always criticize others’ academic achievements. Academic community members must be close to each other, so this shows that commercialization can be a barrier of communication among scholars. However, position about individualization of universities and restriction of academic community might be slightly unreliable, because UK universities’ scholars’ articles have been published broadly [9]. In addition, Thomas analyzes many data which show the results of UK research and he declares that in the last two decades the quality and quantity of research conducted in the UK have grown significantly[12]. For that reason, UK academic community is not under threat. Being mindful of the competition of university commercialization could help educational organizations to be on the top. UK universities adjust to commercialization system. For instance, Cohen et al. Абай атындағы ҚазҰПУ-нің Хабаршысы, «Педагогика ғылымдары» сериясы, №4(52), 2016 ж. 189 point out that education institutions have improved in terms of research, and the numbers of publications also have increased significantly [13]. These arguments are real evidence that commercialization cannot cause negative effect on higher education, in contrast, UK universities have increased particularly in academic fields. In spite of some doubts, the effect of commercialization of higher education in the academic area is positive. Recent data collected by Hall show that the UK academic area has one of the most powerful achievements in the world [9]. This is real evidence for the positive effect of commercialization on research. Of course, commercialization and market could lead to individualization of universities, but it cannot be the barrier for the development of research. жүктеу/скачать 5,18 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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