Абай атындағы Қазақ
Background and contextualisation
жүктеу/скачать 5,18 Mb. Pdf көрінісі
|
pednauki 2016.4
| Background and contextualisation
Higher education is one of the crucial aspects of education systems and has its own history. For example, ‘the first university was in Fez, Morocco in the ninth century AD, and the oldest university in the UK is Oxford University, whose origins can be traced back to 1167’ [2, p. 26]. Currently, all countries have their own educational systems and universities. Moreover, all universities attempt to hold rank and be among the top. Nevertheless, English dominates as an academic language in the world and UK's higher education institutes have crucial impact on it. Furthermore, the UK is proud of their history of education and Cambridge and Oxford have been established in England. Today, the UK has more than hundred universities and most of them are highly ranked. In the last decades, the history of higher education may not be separated from the commercialization, which also influences other public sectors. For example, some public sectors such as health services and many public communications, aviation, broadcasting are commercialized and privatized [3, p.354].Then, the history of commercialization of higher education in the UK has commenced since 1970s and in this period privatization occurred due to the rise of oil price in the world. According to Foskett in the UK ‘domesticated environment’ of universities had been finished [3, p.28]. Furthermore, Williams points out that higher education in Britain changed dramatically between 1979 and 1996 [4]. At the present time, competition has become the main goal of universities, and they have to survivein the severe economic world. Marginson considers some features of economic markets such as competition, commodity, regulation and profit [3]. These concepts belong to economic area and usually they help to increase incomes of organizations. On the other hand, commercialization allows universities to be independent, not only economically but also financially. Hence UK Higher education institutions are independent from the UK government, in terms of finance. It is clear that the primary aim of Higher Education is to teach knowledge and to do research. Nonetheless, this requires money, and students have to pay for their education. Additionally, universities can establish their own tuition system for students. People believe UK universities’ costs are more expensive than those of other countries such as the US, but they could offer the best quality of knowledge in the world, so commercialization of education system has become a controversial issue. Another disagreement has emerged from commercialization is an academic exchange due to independence of universities. It could not allow good academic relationships among universities, because every university wants to be the best in an academic area and usually they do not want to share their own achievements with other institutions. For that reason, commercialization of higher education in the UK has own advantages and disadvantages. жүктеу/скачать 5,18 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
|