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natural resources and the pollution of the planet's biosphere have brought the human race to the brink 
of a serious ecological crisis. Consequently, the protection of the environment and the rational 
utilization of natural resources have become urgent global problems of the modern age. 
Naturally, these problems cannot be solved by the efforts of individual States alone. National 
measures to protect the environment must be combined with wide international cooperation at the 
global and regional levels. International law is called upon to play a leading role in establishing and 
developing such cooperation and regulating the measures undertaken by various States to protect the 
environment. 
The international legal protection of the environment is a relatively new but rapidly developing 
part of modern international law. At the present time, there are a number of international treaties of 
different kind governing various aspects of the protection of the environment and the rational 
utilization of natural resources. These agreements primarily concern the following: 
1) the prevention of the pollution of maritime waters, the protection and rational utilization of the 
sea’s living resources; 
2) the protection of the waters and resources of international (multinational) rivers; 
3) the protection of the Earth's atmosphere and outer space from pollution and other 
unfavourable influences; 
4) the protection and rational utilization of the animal and plant world on land; 
5) the protection of unique natural objects and complexes and of individual ecological systems; 
6) the protection of the Earth's environment from radioactive contamination. 
The international legal regulation of the environment protection measures undertaken by 
different states has unquestionably been influenced by the many universal international treaties which 
either contain important provisions relating to the protection of the environment, or else are directly or 
indirectly contributing to the improvement of the planetary environment. 
In addition to international treaties, international custom also plays an important role in the 
protection of the environment. 
An important role in the development of the international legal protection of the environment is 
played by resolutions adopted by international organizations, and above all by the United Nations and 
its specialized agencies. 

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