Table 1: The Courses of PCTC (TNPA, 2016). COURSE CODE

112
COURSE CODE
COURSE TITLE
COURSE 
CREDITS
PAEM 105
PRACTICAL POLICING
2
PAEM 106
POLICE PROFESSION AND DISCIPLINARY 
LAW
2
PAEM 107
HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AND 
THE KNOWLEDGE OF PROTOCOL
2
PAEM 108
CONSTITUTIONAL ORDER AND ADMINISTRATIVE 
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF STATE
2
PAEM 109
PROFESSIONAL FITNESS AND SWIMMING 
COMPETENCE
4
3.2. Police Vocational Schools of Higher Education (PVSHE)
The majority of TNP consist of non-ranked police officers. There are two ways to be police 
constable: Police Vocational Schools of Higher Education (PVSHE) and Police Vocational 
Training Center (PVTC). PVSHE is school of higher education under the control of the TNPA. 
It has been founded in order to meet the police constable needs of the Turkish Police. This 
institution offers associate degree for the high school graduate students through vocational 
and practical training. The students of PVSHE graduate and are assigned as the police 
constables. Currently there are 9 different PVSHE in different cities of Turkey with varying 
student populations. 
The period of education last 2 years (4 academic terms which consists of at least 14 weeks). 
The students of PVSHE are uniformed and boarding (free of tuition fees). The students are 
provided with boarding, accommodation, health care expenditures and other stipends of their 
own by the state. Since the students here haven’t graduated from any university, the lectures 
have professional, social, legal, cultural contents. 
Table 2: The Courses of PVSHE
1st YEAR
FALL SEMESTER
(1st SEMESTER)
NO
COURSE 
CODE
COURSE TITLE
COURSE
CREDITS
ECTS
1
119
THE BASICS OF POLICING
2
3
2
120
INTRODUCTION TO LAW
3
4
3
113
SOCIOLOGY
3
4
4
115
FIREARMS TRAINING AND SHOOTING 
TACTICS
4
4
5
116
POLICE OPERATIONAL METHODS AND 
TECHNIQUES1
4
4
6
110
TURKISH LANGUAGE 1
2
2
7
109
ATATURK’S PRINCIPLES AND HISTORY 
OF TURKISH REVOLUTION 1
2
2
8
121
FOREIGN LANGUAGE 1
2
4
9
106
PHYSICAL EDUCATION1
2
2
10
118
PSYCHOLOGICAL COUNSELING 1
2
TOTAL
26
30
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113
1st YEAR
SPRING SEMESTER
(2nd SEMESTER)
NO
COURSE 
CODE
COURSE TITLE
COURSE 
CREDITS
ECTS
1
212
PREVENTIVE DUTIES AND 
AUTHORITIES OF THE POLICE
2
3
2
213
DISCIPLINARY LAW
2
3
3
214
CRIMINAL LAW (GENERAL)
2
3
4
215
CODE OF PROFESSIONAL 
CORRESPONDENCE
3
3
5
216
FIREARMS TRAINING AND  SHOOTING 
PRACTICE-1
3
4
6
217
POLICE OPERATIONAL METHODS AND 
TECHNIQUES 2
4
4
7
210
TURKISH LANGUAGE -2
2
2
8
209
ATATURK’S PRINCIPLES AND HISTORY 
OF TURKISH REVOLUTION -2
2
2
9
220
FOREIGN LANGUAGE 2
2
2
10
206
PHYSICAL EDUCATION-2
2
2
11
221
BASIC INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES
2
2
TOTAL
26
30
2nd YEAR
FALL SEMESTER
(3rd SEMESTER)
NO
COURSE 
CODE
COURSE TITLE
COURSE 
CREDITS
ECTS
1
312
JUDICIAL  CORRESPONDENCE AND 
INVESTIGATION PRINCIPLES
3
4
2
313
P U B L I C   R E L A T I O N S   A N D 
COMMUNICATION
3
4
3
301
HUMAN RIGHTS
2
3
4
315
CRIMINAL LAW (PRIVATE)
2
3
5
316
FIREARMS TRAINING AND  SHOOTING 
PRACTICE -2
4
4
6
317
POLICE OPERATIONAL METHODS AND 
TECHNIQUES -3
4
4
7
319
PROFESSIONAL FOREIGN LANGUAGE
2
2
8
310
PROFESSIONAL PRACTICAL TRAINING 
1
4
4
9
306
PHYSICAL EDUCATION -3
2
2
TOTAL
26
30
New structure of turkish police training system (TPTS)
112
COURSE CODE
COURSE TITLE
COURSE
CREDITS
PAEM 105
PRACTICAL POLICING
2
PAEM 106
POLICE PROFESSION AND DISCIPLINARY
LAW
2
PAEM 107
HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AND
THE KNOWLEDGE OF PROTOCOL
2
PAEM 108
CONSTITUTIONALORDER AND ADMINISTRATIVE
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF STATE
2
PAEM 109
PROFESSIONAL FITNESS AND SWIMMING
COMPETENCE
4
3.2. Police Vocational Schools of Higher Education (PVSHE)
The majority of TNP consist of non-ranked police officers. There are two ways to be police
constable: Police Vocational Schools of Higher Education (PVSHE) and Police Vocational
Training Center (PVTC). PVSHE is school of higher education under the control of the TNPA.
It has been founded in order to meet the police constable needs of the Turkish Police. This
institution offers associate degree for the high school graduate students through vocational
and practical training. The students of PVSHE graduate and are assigned as the police
constables. Currently there are 9 different PVSHE in different cities of Turkey with varying
student populations.
The period of education last 2 years (4 academic terms which consists of at least 14 weeks).
The students of PVSHE are uniformed and boarding (free of tuition fees). The students are
provided with boarding, accommodation, health care expenditures and other stipends of their
own by the state. Since the students here haven’t graduated from any university, the lectures
have professional, social, legal, cultural contents.
Table 2: The Courses of PVSHE
1st YEAR
FALL SEMESTER
(1st SEMESTER)
NO
COURSE
CODE
COURSE TITLE
COURSE
CREDITS
ECTS
1
119
THE BASICS OF POLICING
2
3
2
120
INTRODUCTION TO LAW
3
4
3
113
SOCIOLOGY
3
4
4
115
FIREARMS TRAINING AND SHOOTING
TACTICS
4
4
5
116
POLICE OPERATIONAL METHODS AND
TECHNIQUES1
4
4
6
110
TURKISH LANGUAGE 1
2
2
7
109
ATATURK’S PRINCIPLES AND HISTORY
OF TURKISH REVOLUTION 1
2
2
8
121
FOREIGN LANGUAGE 1
2
4
9
106
PHYSICAL EDUCATION1
2
2
10
118
PSYCHOLOGICAL COUNSELING 1
2
TOTAL
26
30
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114
2nd YEAR
SPRING SEMESTER
(4th SEMESTER)
NO
COURSE 
CODE
COURSE TITLE
COURSE 
CREDITS
ECTS
1
412
SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
2
3
2
413
CRIMINAL PROCEDURAL LAW
3
4
3
414
PREVENTING CRIME SCENE AND 
CRIMINALISTICS
2
3
4
420
ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANIZATIONAL 
STRUCTURE AND SECURITY OF THE 
STATE
2
3
5
416
FIREARMS TRAINING AND  SHOOTING 
PRACTICE 3
4
4
6
417
POLICE OPERATIONAL METHODS AND 
TECHNIQUES- 4
4
4
7
418
TRAFFIC
2
2
8
410
PROFESSIONAL PRACTICAL TRAINING 
-2
2
3
9
406
PHYSICAL EDUCATION 4
2
2
10
421
J U D I C I A L  A N D   A D M I N I S T R AT I V E 
RELATIONS
2
2
11
419
PSYCHOLOGICAL COUNSELING -2
1
TOTAL
26
30
Resource: TNPA, 2016.
3.3. Police Vocational Training Centers (PVTC)
Another way to be police constable is Police Vocational Training Center (PVTC). PVTC is the 
vocational school under TNPA and doesn’t have an academic degree. Before the legislation made 
in 2015, PVTC were performed by Training Department of TNP in different cities of Turkey. It 
has been founded in order to meet the police constable needs of the Turkish Police. The civilian 
university graduates having bachelor degree apply and are accepted to PVTC if they have the 
minimum standards which have been declared by the Ministry. The students of PVTC graduate 
and are assigned as the police constables. Currently there are 28 different PVTC in different 
cities of Turkey with varying student populations. 
The period of education last at least 6 months. The students of PVTC are uniformed and 
boarding (free of tuition fees). The students are provided with boarding, accommodation, health 
care expenditures and other stipends of their own by the state. The curriculum of PVTC focus 
on vocational and practical courses.
Table: Police Vocational Training Center Course Program 1st Semester
NO
COURSE TITLE
COURSE 
HOURS PER 
WEEK
TOTAL 
COURSE 
HOURS
1
INTRODUCTION TO LAW
4
48
2
MASS  DEMONSTRATIONS AND  CROWD 
MANAGEMENT
4
48
3
ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE 
OF STATE4
48
TOTAL
26
312
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115
NO
COURSE TITLE
COURSE 
HOURS PER 
WEEK
TOTAL 
COURSE 
HOURS
4
C O D E   O F   P R O F E S S I O N A L 
CORRESPONDENCE
2
24
5
SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
4
48
6 FIREARMS TRAINING AND SHOOTING SKILLS 
1
6
72
7
PHYSICAL EDUCATION
2
24
TOTAL
26
312
Resource: TNPA, 2016.
Table: Police Vocational Training Center Course Program 2nd Semester
NO
COURSE TITLE
COURSE 
HOURS 
PER WEEK
TOTAL 
COURSE 
HOURS
1
POLICE LAW (CRIMINAL LAW-DISCIPLINARY LAW, 
CRIMINAL PROCEDURAL LAW-POLICE ORGANIZATION 
LAW- POLICE CODE OF CONDUCT, JUVENILE JUSTICE 
SYSTEM)
6
72
2
INCIDENT ANALYSES IN POLICING
4
48
3
TRAFFIC SAFETY
2
48
4
FIREARMS TRAINING AND SHOOTING SKILLS 
2
4
48
5
DEMOCRATIC POLICING AND HUMAN RIGHTS
2
24
6
P O L I C E – P U B L I C   R E L AT I O N S   A N D 
COMMUNICATION
2
24
7
P O L I C E   O P E R AT I O N A L  M E T H O D S  A N D 
TECHNIQUES
4
48
8
PHYSICAL EDUCATION
2
24
TOTAL
28
336
Resource: TNPA, 2016.
4. INSERVICE POLICE TRAINING
In-service training is indispensable part of contemporary organizations which aims to meet 
the demands of the age and prepare the staff for new tasks. Since the fight crime in modern times 
needs well knowledge and updated staffs, TNP attach great importance to in-service training 
programs. These programs have also been conducted by TNPA. TNPA In-Service Training Division 
is responsible for preparing educational plans and programs in line with the interests, needs 
and expectations of the Turkish Police, conducting training programs for general development, 
developing educational material. 
Some programs are obligatory for all police periodically like basic shooting while some training 
programs are given to specifically for specific units like basic intelligence techniques, undercover 
operations, domestic violence policing etc... There are also scientific meetings, symposiums and 
workshops for police in different times concerning specific issues like child delinquency, police 
training systems, migration issues etc. However, there are some specialized training divisions in 
some departments of TNP concerning their duties. These units work with coordination with TNPA, 
but they enforce their training programs for the staff working under their own department.
4.1. Crime Research and Investigation Training Center (SASEM)
SASEM was founded in 1998 under the Public Order Department of TNP. It aims to train 
specialized personnel working in the responsibility of Public Order Department to fight with 
New structure of turkish police training system (TPTS)
114
2nd YEAR
SPRING SEMESTER
(4th SEMESTER)
NO
COURSE 
CODE
COURSE TITLE
COURSE 
CREDITS
ECTS
1
412
SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
2
3
2
413
CRIMINAL PROCEDURAL LAW
3
4
3
414
PREVENTING CRIME SCENE AND 
CRIMINALISTICS
2
3
4
420
ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANIZATIONAL 
STRUCTURE AND SECURITY OF THE 
STATE
2
3
5
416
FIREARMS TRAINING AND  SHOOTING 
PRACTICE 3
4
4
6
417
POLICE OPERATIONAL METHODS AND 
TECHNIQUES- 4
4
4
7
418
TRAFFIC
2
2
8
410
PROFESSIONAL PRACTICAL TRAINING 
-2
2
3
9
406
PHYSICAL EDUCATION 4
2
2
10
421
J U D I C I A L  A N D   A D M I N I S T R AT I V E 
RELATIONS
2
2
11
419
PSYCHOLOGICAL COUNSELING -2
1
TOTAL
26
30
Resource: TNPA, 2016.
3.3. Police Vocational Training Centers (PVTC)
Another way to be police constable is Police Vocational Training Center (PVTC). PVTC is the 
vocational school under TNPA and doesn’t have an academic degree. Before the legislation made 
in 2015, PVTC were performed by Training Department of TNP in different cities of Turkey. It 
has been founded in order to meet the police constable needs of the Turkish Police. The civilian 
university graduates having bachelor degree apply and are accepted to PVTC if they have the 
minimum standards which have been declared by the Ministry. The students of PVTC graduate 
and are assigned as the police constables. Currently there are 28 different PVTC in different 
cities of Turkey with varying student populations. 
The period of education last at least 6 months. The students of PVTC are uniformed and 
boarding (free of tuition fees). The students are provided with boarding, accommodation, health 
care expenditures and other stipends of their own by the state. The curriculum of PVTC focus 
on vocational and practical courses.
Table: Police Vocational Training Center Course Program 1st Semester
NO
COURSE TITLE
COURSE 
HOURS PER 
WEEK
TOTAL 
COURSE 
HOURS
1
INTRODUCTION TO LAW
4
48
2
MASS  DEMONSTRATIONS AND  CROWD 
MANAGEMENT
4
48
3
ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE 
OF STATE4
48
TOTAL
26
312
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116
changing and evolving types of crimes relating to public order (TNP, 2016a).
4.2. Intelligence Academy (ISAK)
ISAK has been operating as training unit for officers working in the intelligence units since 
1951 under the Intelligence Department of TPA. It has quite modern facilities including conference 
rooms, classrooms, computer and technical classes, meeting rooms, guest house, library, and 
simultaneous translation in 3 languages, fitness center and sauna (TNP, 2016b).
4.3. Turkish International Academy against Drugs and Organized Crime (TADOC) 
TADOC is an international academy which provides training for fighting against organized 
crime and drugs under the Anti- Smuggling and Organized Crime Department of the TNP.
4.4. Department Of Criminal Research and Technical Investigations (KATEM) 
KATEM provides training in forensic and crime scene investigation and it delivers basic and 
specialized courses about crime scene investigation, analyzing evidence, and other forensic topics 
for national and international law enforcement bodies.
4.5. International Police Training Programs
TNP has been attaching great importance international cooperation with foreign law enforcement 
(especially police) bodies and international organizations working on security issues. In accordance 
with mutual agreements and meetings, TNP has conducted 1590 training programs for foreign 
police organizations and a total of 25.096 foreign police were trained between the years 1997 
and 2015(TNPA, 2016). In these programs, TNP have shared experiences related to organized 
crime, crime scene investigation, counterterrorism, intelligence, human trafficking, IT crimes, 
riot control, aviation, hostage negotiations, domestic violence, traffic safety, police leadership 
and management and other policing issues for the law enforcement staffs from Balkans, Middle 
East, Central Asia, and Africa(TNP, 2011). 
5. CONCLUSION
Police training are crucial for all police agencies to fight crime and maintain public order 
effectively. However as similar to the nature of policing, the nature of police training is also 
complex since there many factors having role for shaping the structure of it. How much the 
complexity of police training increases, finding solutions regarding to policing problems becomes 
more difficult. Currently, Turkish National Police Training System experienced such a legislation 
which aims to increase efficiency and decreases the complexity. The multi-headed training systems 
was abolished and Turkish National Police Academy become main responsible for police training 
including basic and in-service training policies.
Police training is given so much importance in Turkey for both of police constables and police 
chiefs. Every training program has a specific curriculum compliant with the expectations of the 
students and objectives of the schools. After the legislation made in 2015, there is only one way 
that to become police chief requires to be student of PCTC and there are two ways that to be 
police constable requires to student of PVSHE and PCTC affiliated to TNPA. However, Turkish 
Police attaches also great importance to international training which provides opportunities to 
share different experiences among police officers including basic and in-service training. It is 
possible to accept students or participant from different countries in accordance with bilateral 
agreements.
6. REFERENCES
1. Turkish National Police Academy, (2016), Turkish National Police Academy, Ankara.
2. Turkish National Police (TNP), (2016a), https://www.egm.gov.tr/EN/Pages/sasem.aspx(E.T. 
10/05/2016).
3. Turkish National Police (TNP), (2016b), https://www.egm.gov.tr/EN/Pages/isak.aspx(E.T. 
10/05/2016).
4. Turkish National Police (TNP), (2011), International Training Catalogue, Ankara.
5. Gundogdu, Serafettin, (2008), Türkiye’de Polis Eğitiminin Tarihi Gelişimi ve Polis Meslek 
Eğitim  Merkezi,  Polis  Meslek Yüksek  Okulu  Örneği,  Unpublished  Master  Thesis,  Pamukkale 
University, Denizli.
6. Haberfeld, M. R., Clarke, Curtis A. and Sheehan, Dale L., (2012), Police Organization and 
Training Innovations in Research and Practice, Springer Science and Media, London.
ТүйІН
Болашақ полиция офицері адамның негізгі құқықтарын, демократиялық құндылықтарды, 
құқықтық  рәсімдерді,  қарым-қатынас  техникасы  мен  басшылықты  зерттеуге  ұмтылады. 
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117
Полицейлерді дайындау еліміздің болашақ демократиясы болып табылады.
Әртүрлі елдерде полицейлерді дайындаудың қоғам мәдениетімен, саясатымен, экономикасымен 
және әлеуметтік құрылымымен қалыптасқан жүйесі бар. Әдетте айырмашылықтар полиция 
офицерлері мен жаңадан жинаған офицерлердің дайындығына, әскерге шақырылушыларға қойылатын 
талаптарға, дайындық кезеңдеріне, базалық қызметтік дайындыққа байланысты.
Дегенмен, барлық бұл жүйелер қоғам қажеттілігіне сәйкес полиция ұйымдарында жұмыс 
істейтін ең үздік полиция офицерлерін жаттықтыруға бағытталған жүйелер. Осыған байланысты 
Түркиядағы полицияларды дайындау жүйесі елеулі өзгерістерді бастан кешті. Түркия ұлттық 
полиция академиясының рөлі нығайтылды. Көпқұрылымды құраммен полицейлерді даярлау 
жүйесі тоқтатылды. 
Мақаланың мақсаты - қолданыстағы Түркиядағы полицияларды даярлау жүйесі құрылымын 
ашып көрсету. Енгізілгеннен кейін ең алдымен ТҚП тарихи негіздемесі ұсынылды, екінші 
-  полицейлердің  негізгі  дайындығы,  үшінші  -  қызметтік  дайындық  қарастырылған  және 
соңында қорытынды жасалған.
РЕзюМЕ
Офицер полиции будущего стремится изучить основные права человека, демократические 
ценности, правовые процедуры, технику общения и руководства. Подготовка полицейских 
является будущим демократии страны.
Существуют разные и сложные системы подготовки полицейских в различных странах, 
сформированные  культурой,  политикой,  экономикой  и  социальной  структурой  общества. 
Обычно различия зависят от подготовки офицеров полиции и вновь набранных офицеров, 
требований к призывникам, периоду подготовки, базовой служебной подготовки.
Тем не менее, все эти сситемы нацелены на тренировку самых лучших офицеров полиции, 
которые будут работать в полицейских организациях в соответствии с нуждами общества. 
В  связи  с  этим  система  подготовки  полицейских  в  Турции  испытала  недавно  серьезные 
изменения. Роль Турецкой национальной полицейской академии была укреплена. Система 
подготовки полицейских многоструктурным составом была отменена.
Цель  статьи  -  раскрыть  действующюю  структуру  системы  подготовки  полицейских  в 
Турции.После введения, в первую очередь, представлено историческое обоснование с ППТ, 
во  вторую  -  основная  подготовка  полицейских,  в  третью  очередь  рассмотрена  служебная 
подготовка, и в конце сделано заключение.
resume
Since  it  is  aimed  to  teach  basically  human  rights,  democratic  values,  legal  procedures, 
communication techniques, and leadership for the police officers of tomorrow; the training of police 
is seen as the future of democracy of the country. There are different and complex police training 
systems in different countries shaped by the culture, politics, economic and social structure of the 
society. The differences generally depend on the training of ranked-non ranked police officers, 
the  recruitment  requirements,  the  period  of  training,  basic-in  service  training  etc.  However 
all these systems aim to train best police officers who will work in the police organizations in 
accordance with the needs of the society. In this regard, Turkish Police Training System (TPTS) 
has experienced many crucial changes recently. The role of Turkish National Police Academy 
(TNPA)  has  been  strengthened,  multi-headed  training  system  was  abolished  in  policing.  The 
purpose of this paper is to examine the current structure of TPTS. After introduction, firstly the 
historical background of TPTS, secondly basic police training, thirdly in service training will 
be examined and it will be finalized with conclusion. 
New structure of turkish police training system (TPTS)
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changing and evolving types of crimes relating to public order (TNP, 2016a).
4.2. Intelligence Academy (ISAK)
ISAK has been operating as training unit for officers working in the intelligence units since
1951 under the Intelligence Department of TPA. It has quite modern facilities including conference
rooms, classrooms, computer and technical classes, meeting rooms, guest house, library, and
simultaneous translation in 3 languages, fitness center and sauna (TNP, 2016b).
4.3. Turkish International Academy against Drugs and Organized Crime (TADOC)
TADOC is an international academy which provides training for fighting against organized
crime and drugs under the Anti- Smuggling and Organized Crime Department of the TNP.
4.4. Department Of Criminal Research and Technical Investigations (KATEM)
KATEM provides training in forensic and crime scene investigation and it delivers basic and
specialized courses about crime scene investigation, analyzing evidence, and other forensic topics
for national and international law enforcement bodies.
4.5. International Police Training Programs
TNP has been attaching great importance international cooperation with foreign law enforcement
(especially police) bodies and international organizations working on security issues. In accordance
with mutual agreements and meetings, TNP has conducted 1590 training programs for foreign
police organizations and a total of 25.096 foreign police were trained between the years 1997
and 2015(TNPA, 2016). In these programs, TNP have shared experiences related to organized
crime, crime scene investigation, counterterrorism, intelligence, human trafficking, IT crimes,
riot control, aviation, hostage negotiations, domestic violence, traffic safety, police leadership
and management and other policing issues for the law enforcement staffs from Balkans, Middle
East, Central Asia, and Africa(TNP, 2011).
5. CONCLUSION
Police training are crucial for all police agencies to fight crime and maintain public order
effectively. However as similar to the nature of policing, the nature of police training is also
complex since there many factors having role for shaping the structure of it. How much the
complexity of police training increases, finding solutions regarding to policing problems becomes
more difficult. Currently, Turkish National Police Training System experienced such a legislation
which aims to increase efficiency and decreases the complexity. The multi-headed training systems
was abolished and Turkish National Police Academy become main responsible for police training
including basic and in-service training policies.
Police training is given so much importance in Turkey for both of police constables and police
chiefs. Every training program has a specific curriculum compliant with the expectations of the
students and objectives of the schools. After the legislation made in 2015, there is only one way
that to become police chief requires to be student of PCTC and there are two ways that to be
police constable requires to student of PVSHE and PCTC affiliated to TNPA. However, Turkish
Police attaches also great importance to international training which provides opportunities to
share different experiences among police officers including basic and in-service training. It is
possible to accept students or participant from different countries in accordance with bilateral
agreements.
6. REFERENCES
1. Turkish National Police Academy, (2016), Turkish National Police Academy, Ankara.
2. Turkish National Police (TNP), (2016a), https://www.egm.gov.tr/EN/Pages/sasem.aspx(E.T.
10/05/2016).
3. Turkish National Police (TNP), (2016b), https://www.egm.gov.tr/EN/Pages/isak.aspx(E.T.
10/05/2016).
4. Turkish National Police (TNP), (2011), International Training Catalogue, Ankara.
5. Gundogdu, Serafettin, (2008), Türkiye’de Polis Eğitiminin Tarihi Gelişimi ve Polis Meslek
Eğitim  Merkezi,  Polis Meslek Yüksek  Okulu  Örneği,  Unpublished  Master  Thesis,  Pamukkale
University, Denizli.
6. Haberfeld, M. R., Clarke, Curtis A. and Sheehan, Dale L., (2012), Police Organization and
Training Innovations in Research and Practice, Springer Science and Media, London.
ТүйІН
Болашақ полиция офицері адамның негізгі құқықтарын, демократиялық құндылықтарды,
құқықтық  рәсімдерді,  қарым-қатынас  техникасы  мен басшылықты  зерттеуге  ұмтылады.
е. Kasli

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