Part II
A c t i v i t y I
Stop video when Eliza is selling the flower,
Using these words describe this picture.
1. rainy 7. noisy
2. dirty 8. exhausted
3. wet 9. chilly
4. poor 10. flower
5. tired 11. cab
6. umbrella 12. diamond
A c t i v i t y II
a) Pronounce the following words correctly Eliza
pronounced them incorrectly
1. say[ sai] 4. day[dai ]
2. take [taik ] 5. saw [sau]
3. pay [pai ] 6. name [ n a i m ]
b) Stop the video when professor tell her that her
pronunciation is very poor
and answer the following questions?
1. Who said " simple phonetic , science of speech
is my profession and also my hobby "
2. Why is Eliza making a noise when she came to
the p r o f e s s o r ' s place?
3. how do you think what kind of woman is Eliza?
A c t i v i t y III
True or false
At the beginning of the film, can Eliza ………. ?
a) sing songs
b) dance
c) speak English well
d) play chess
e) sell flowers
After viewing
A c t i v i t y I
Choose the right form
1) How much did he demand from her for teach-
ing phonetics?
a) 60p
b) 120p
c) 90p
d) 30p
2) They must be .... to learn perfect English pro-
nunciation
a) reasonable
b) strict
c) patient
d) intolerable
3) How long did the experiment last?
a) a year
b) 6 months
c) 3 months
d) 2 months
4) Why did the professor offer her a box of choco-
late ?
a) to demand her to take part in the experiment
b) to get rid of her
c) to be his lover
d) to be teacher
A c t i v i t y II
Using these words describe them
Flower girl , gentleman, rich, young, poor, cock-
ney, beautiful, bare-faced, middleaged,
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polite, exacting, vulgar
A c t i v i t y III
Act out of the following episode from the film
a) Eliza was hit by the gentleman.
b) When Eliza to professor's home.
c) Eliza didn't agree with the amount ofmoney
which professor asked to pay for teaching
Day II
(From the Eliza came to the p r o f e s s o r ' s
home until she made p r o g r e s s . )
Time : 42 min
Before v i e w i n g .
A c t i v i t y I
1) Do you regularly take a bath?
2) Can you give the description of your room? Do
you like your room?
3) Do you want to take part in such kind of exper-
iment?
Can you teach someone as the professor did?
Do you think you can succeed in teaching?
While viewing
Activity I
Pronounce Eliza's song correctly
Just you wait in me against
Just you wait.
You 'll be sorry but your tears will be
Too late.
You'll be broke a lot of money
Will I am damn me funny.
Activity II
TRUE or FALSE
1) Her father came to p r o f e s s o r ' s home to
take her away.
2) Her father refused money which professor of-
fered him.
3) She made progress.
4) Six blob were in her mouth & she swallowed
one.
5) She p r o n o u n c e d the letter [ai ] instead of [
ei ].
6) She had a sore throat, she is calm, she was not
tired.
After viewing
A c t i v i t y I
Answer the following questions.
1) Why did she that her new b e d r o om was too
good for her?
2) Why did E l i z a ' s father come to H e g i n ' s
home ?
3) Why did Eliza frightened when servants took
offher clothes in the bathroom ?
4) Why did she feel herself so humiliating ?
5) How did professor get rid o f Eliza's father?
A c t i v i t y II
Describe Eliza's dress which professor imagined,
and if you can, draw it.
A c t i v i t y III
Work out questions with help of following words
1) diamond
2) no dinner, no lunch , no chocolates
3) to blackmail
4) 50 pound
Conclusion
We conclude that the video presentation for lan-
guage-learning purposes is an active process for stu-
dents and an effective teaching aid for foreign lan-
guage teachers. Above suggested activities will ensure
active viewing and participation of students in stimu-
lating and facilitating the target language. Watching
video films actually promotes critical thinking, reflec-
tion and thereby enhances a learning development.
Since video films combine both fun and pedagogic
instructions in authentic materials that reflect a real
interaction, we highly recommend teachers of the Eng-
lish language to make use of them.
……………………………………
1. Balаtova, I." Impact of video on the comprehension
skills of core French students" Canadian Modern Language
Review, 50, 3 -1994,-531p.
2. Arthur, P. "Why use video? A teacher's perspective",
VSELT 2:4 -1999,- 4p.
3. Canning-Wilson, C., Research in Visuals, Invited
Paper for the Video Special Interest Group at the Internation-
al TESOL Arabia 2000 Conference, Hilton Ballroom, Hilton
Hotel, April 12-14, -2000.
4. Herron, C, Hanley, J. and S. Cole,_" A comparison
study of two advance organizers for introducing beginning
foreign language students to video", Modern Language Jour-
nal, 79:3, -1995, -394p.
5. Bovy, R. "Successful instruction methods: A cogni-
tive information processing approach" Educational Commu-
nication and Technology Journal, 29, -1981, -217p.
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Ekibaeva N.A., Nurmuhametova D.K.
2 course (MBA), faculty: philology,
Eurasian National University named after L.N.Gumilyov, Astana, Kazakhstan
USING LANGUAGE GAMES IN TEACHING PRONUNCIATION
Abstract: This article deals with the variety of problems (discrimination, articulation, intonation, integration and automatism)
which an English teacher faces during the whole course of teaching pronunciation. Exercises used for developing pronunciation
skills may be of three groups: recognition exercises and games designed for developing pupils’ ability to discriminate sounds
and sound sequences and reproduction exercises designed for developing pupils` pronunciation habits.
Аннотация: В данной статье обсуждается спектр проблем, с которыми преподаватель английского языка сталкивается
в процессе обучения произношения, а также наиболее эффективные способы исправления ошибок, которые могут спо-
собствовать важному в изучение языка развитию самоконтроля у учащихся. В статье также описаны виды упражнений
(упражнение, игры на распознавание и на воспроизведение), а также техника их применения для развития у учеников
навыков английского произношения.
Түйін: Бұл мақала ағылшын тілін оқыту барысында сөзді дұрыс айту, оның дұрыс дыбысталуы және сөздердің дұрыс
айтылуын үйретуде кездесетін проблемалар туралы айтылған. Мақалада бірнеше жаттығулар (сөздерді дұрыс
дыбыстауға арналған ойын түрлері, жаттығулар) және оларды дұрыс қолдану техникасы туралы берілген.
Drills is being out of fashion with audiolingual-
ism because they became associated with mindless and
repetitive approaches to teaching [1;12]. However,
drills definitely do not have to be mindless, and they
offer a welcome opportunity for learners to get their
tongues around new language without the extra strain
of trying to communicate. Most learners love them, as
long as they are done confidently and do not dominate
teaching. Choral drills, in which the whole class re-
peats a clear model from the teacher, are useful for
anonymous practice. Individual drills, in which the
teacher selects a student to repeat the item individually
after it has been practiced in unison, allows the teacher
to assess individual progress. A summary of some
techniques that can be helpful in encouraging and mon-
itoring the learning of spoken language can be seen in
Table 1.
Table 1. Some techniques to train pronunciation
To help
Techniques
practice sounds
choral drilling, individual drills
highlight stress
clapping, clicking, tapping, gesture, elastic bands, dada language, punch-
es in the air, dots, underlining
correct and give feedback
a repertoire of gestures, empathy, sense of humour
teach articulation, linking etc.
imitation, mirrors, finger models of the mouth
correct articulation, linking etc.
sense of humour, facial expression, empathy, fingers in mouth, mirrors
pinpoint areas to correct
finger drilling, gestures
manage multilingual classes
teacher checklist
encourage practice outside the classroom
pronunciation homework
Unlike other languages, the word stress patterns
of English are relatively unpredictable, and so stress
must be marked when dealing with new vocabulary.
Some teachers use big dots for stressed syllables and
small dots for unstressed syllables in a single word.
One set of dots is plenty for the teaching of word
stress, although the smaller dots are useful for marking
unstressed syllables within a sentence, as we shall see
in the activities described below. For marking stress
when speaking, claps, clicks, stamps or punching ges-
tures can be used. If learners are having trouble with
the concept of stress, try getting them to stretch an
elastic band around their fingers. Get them to pull their
fingers apart on stressed syllables, and release the
pressure on unstressed syllables, so that they can ‘feel’
the stress physically as the elastic band stretches and
relaxes on their fingers [2;47].
Some people feel reluctant to correct the speech
of adults, especially those who have had little previous
classroom experience. However, the learners them-
selves are usually grateful that they are finally getting
some feedback and guidance in their pronunciation
[3;5]. But correction of any kind needs to be targeted,
sensitive and constructive. It is helpful to have a reper-
toire of different signals that indicate the nature of the
problems some of which are listed in table 2.
Table 2. Some signals
Signal
What is being signaled
Punch in the air
A stress difficulty
Fingers closing together
(hand open, fingers spread and then
brought together)
Final consonant absent
Hand and arm waved up or down
Intonation
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‘Thoth’ – a small frill-necked lizard
A reminder to put the tongue between the teeth to say /θ / squeezy
toy with a tongue that pokes
out when pressed
A big ‘S’ or ‘Z’ on the board
A reminder to say word-final plurals or verb + ‘s’
Although by far the best way of learning to say
something is to listen carefully and to imitate, some
learners find it helpful to be able to analyze how a
sound is made, or to see how it may be different from a
similar sound in their own language [4;32]. A good
example of where such illustrations can be useful is the
practicing of the difference between /l/ and /r/. After
learners have listened to these sounds in context and in
isolation, they may find it helpful to be shown that a
crucial difference between these two in English is that
the tongue curls back and does not actually touch the
roof of the mouth for /r/, but does touch it for /l/.
Teacher can demonstrate this by curling one hand to
represent the roof of the mouth, and using the other to
demonstrate the action of the tongue in each case.
Since a learner’s first language strongly influ-
ences their pronunciation in English, it is useful to give
each learner their own, individualized practice to help
with particular issues. One way of keeping tabs on this
is to assign practice utterances to individual students
and keep a running record of what you have assigned
to whom. For example, perhaps a student ‘Minh’ in the
class has a particular difficulty with word-final conso-
nants and liaison. One day, teacher notices in class that
she has problems with the phrase ‘Can I pick it up?’,
and so teacher assigns this utterance to her for extra
practice, and then ask her to say it later in the week.
Trigger questions or statements that lead on to the taret
utterance are useful devices to monitor progress in a
light-hearted way.
For example, teacher could say to Minh, ‘Oh, I
dropped it!’, and this would be her cue to say her prac-
tice utterance. By keeping a record of the triggers and
practice utterances for each member of the class,
teacher targets particular issues with individuals in a
way that sounds like natural speech [5;8].
Pronunciation homework is often used in class-
room. Teacher can have his/her learners’ practice their
utterances for homework, and use trigger questions to
check up on whether they have made progress. Far
from feeling hounded, most learners really appreciate
this personal attention from the teacher.
Activities for focusing on pronunciation are spe-
cialized activities which are dedicated to the practice of
a particular feature of pronunciation offer a useful ‘off-
the-peg’ way of introducing and practicing pronuncia-
tion. If the right material can be found, theses special-
ized activities are usually easy to organize and fun to
do [6;3]. However, since our aim is for learners to
acquire good pronunciation along with other aspects of
language, activities that can be thoroughly integrated
into the usual program are also essential. A combina-
tion of both is likely to offer the most successful mix,
and a range of activities designed to practice the differ-
ent features of pronunciation is given in Table 3.
Table 3. Games and activities to practice pronunciation
To help practice
Dedicated
Integrated
1 word stress
Names/suburbs
Stepping stones Matching games
Matching games
Stepping stones
2 rhythm
Telegrams/mobile phones
Matching games
The squeeze
Jazz chants
Stepping out
Rap chants
Everyday chants
3 sense groups
Train to Melbourne
Good weekend?
4 contrastive stress
Salt or table?
Oranges at the supermarket
5 stress and unstress
I went shopping and I bought …
Weak form cloze
Fast dictation
6 intonation
Friends?
The listener
7 attitude and voice quality
Attitude game
Dice game
Role plays
8 sounds
Sounds of the week
Pronunciation bingo
Past tense game
9 final sounds
Rhyming pairs
The dream
10 liaison
Linking maze
Shock dictations
1 Practicing stress in words and short phrases
Names/suburbs
This activity works well in conjunction with a
speaking activity in which the teacher and learners
throw a cushion around the circle. The person holding
the cushion must tell the class their name and where
they live. (I’m ___. I live in ___.) The teacher writes
his/her name on a card and marks in the stress pattern,
for example: Jacky. Then the students each take a card
and write their names, work out the stress pattern and
mark the pattern on their card. When completed, the
students find others with the same pattern and stand in
a group with them. Then blue-tac the cards on a white-
board under headings of stress patterns, eg • • / • • • and
so on. Repeat the activity with the names of suburbs.
Stepping stones
This activity is based on the stepping stones activ-
ity [7;22– 23], which shows a river that we have to
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cross, but to do so we may only step on certain stones.
In the published version, the stones the students can
‘step’ on are those bearing words with the stress on the
first syllable. However, the real strength of this activity
is that it can be adapted to revise any vocabulary en-
countered in a particular week or topic. You can make
your own river with stepping stones based on the pub-
lished version by putting your own words on the stones
and making up your own rules for crossing the river –
for example, ‘You can only step on stones which have
words with the stress on the second syllable/middle
syllable’. You can therefore revise vocabulary and
practice tress at the same time. The activity can be
extended in a number of ways – for example, by asking
students to tell a story using the words they have
‘stepped on’, and so on.
Matching games
Once your class is familiar with how you mark
stress (e.g. with a series of dots, or with a series of
small and big claps), there are a number of activities
and games that you can organize to help them practice
the stress patterns of words or short phrases. A simple
activity involves having students match the stress pat-
tern they hear (or see) to the corresponding phrase or
word with that pattern. For example, below is a brief
list of useful phrases and their stress patterns:
Learners can match the phrase to the pattern
clapped out by the teacher, or they can do this in
groups, with one student doing the clapping and the
others matching the pattern to the words [8;51]. In
pairs, they can sort a series of words/phrases into the
right pattern, and then ‘test’ their answers by trying to
say the words/phrases with the correct stress pattern
while other groups check their answers. It is useful to
have the phrases and stress patterns on separate cards,
as these can be used as the basis of a variety of match-
ing games, including the old favorite ‘Snap’. Vocabu-
lary-building activities (for example, matching goods
to the shops where they can be bought) can also have
an added ‘match the stress pattern’ activity added to
them.
Telegrams/mobile phones
Learners will usually need some specific focus on
sentence stress, particularly if they come from a
1anguage background with very different L1 sentence
stress patterns [9;57]. The basic concept they need to
grasp is that some words are more important than oth-
ers in an utterance, and that these will be stressed,
while relatively unimportant words will be unstressed.
In the past, we could use the concept of a telegram to
illustrate this. Perhaps the modern-day equivalent is the
mobile phone: if reception on your mobile phone is
bad, which words would you choose to shout? These
are likely to be the words you would stress in ordinary
speech.
The squeeze
Once learners have been introduced to word
stress and sentence stress, and have grasped the con-
cepts of stress and unstressed (or weak and strong, if
you prefer) and how unstressed words get squeezed
together, they can try the following activity. Get four
students to stand in front of the class and hand each a
card with one of the following words: Kim cooked
fried rice. The four students have to arrange themselves
so that the sentence has meaning. Elicit the stress pat-
tern of the utterance, i.e.:
LA LA LA
Practice the utterance with the right pattern, and
then get four more students to come out to the front
and give them four more cards with one of the follow-
ing words: me a lot of. The students must work out
where they can insert themselves in the line so that the
utterance still makes sense, i.e.:
Kim cooked me a lot of fried rice.
Elicit which words are stressed and which are un-
stressed, ie:
LA LA LA la la la LA LA
Demonstrate physically the ‘squeezing’ together
the three people holding ‘a lot of’, and how quickly we
would say these words. Practice the utterance with
correct rhythm. Repeat the activity with another group
of learners and another set of cards with the words:
Tea or coffee? ( LA la LA la?)
Then add Do you want a…, i.e.:
Do you want a tea or coffee? (la la LA la LA la
LA la?)
Then add a cup of…, so that you end up with the
line of learners holding cards in order of:
Do you want a cup of tea or coffee?
Do further examples with: sugar?/some sug-
ar?/would you like some sugar?
Learners often have more difficulty with un-
stressed syllables than with the stressed ones, since
unstressed syllables can be rather tricky to focus on as
they are not salient in the discourse, and when you start
to focus on them you tend to stress them. In the second
half of the utterance, an increasing number of un-
stressed syllables are added to the list of things bought.
These should always be said with only two main beats
to show how these extra unstressed syllables get fitted
in. Once they are proficient, learners can add their own
items to fit in. Weak form cloze and fast dictation.
Another way of focusing on unstressed words, particu-
larly those with a grammatical function, is the ‘weak
form cloze’. Using any spoken text that the class has
worked with, simply remove the unstressed grammati-
cal words from the written transcript of the text. Then
get learners to fill in the gaps as they listen. Pair work
during this activity can produce some interesting dis-
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cussions. Dictations done at fast speed can also help
learners understand how weak forms are used in spo-
ken language.
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