I  Influence of rhythm on utterance-stress

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involving alternating stressed and unstressed (prominent and non-prominent) words as well. As a 
result, the ‘normal’ stressing of words in an utterance can be modified: words entitled to become 
prominent due to their content nature are ‘deprived’ of prominence in an utterance, if both the 
immediately following and immediately preceding words are stressed. This phenomenon is known 
as the influence of rhythm on utterance-stress. At the same time, such modifications should not 
interfere with the communicative meaning of an utterance; in other words, the decisive factor for 
utterance-stress is the semantic weight of a word in the given context.
Informal style 
The informal style is used in personal every-day communication. This category embraces the most 
frequent and the most widespread occurrences of spoken English. Most typically informal speech 
takes the form of a conversation, although monologue is not infrequent either.
Intonation 
Effective communication depends to a significant degree on such features of speech as variations in 
the pitch, loudness, tempo and timbre of the voice. These are prosodic, or non-segmental, features, 
which form a complex unity of properties commonly referred to as intonation. Intonation does not 
only constitute a constant structural characteristic of an utterance but performs a number of 
important communicative functions as well. 
Intonation pattern 
Each syllable in the speech chain has a special pitch colouring. Some of the syllables are 
characterized by significant moves of tone up and down. Each syllable bears a definite amount of 
loudness. Pitch movements are inseparably connected with variations of loudness. Together with 
the tempo of speech they form an intonation pattern which is the basic unit of intonation.

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