Боргуль Н. М. Пособие по основам теории изучаемого языка, печать
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- UNIT 4. THE SYSTEM OF ENGLISH VOWELS
- Stability of articulation.
| nasal occlusive sonorants
[m, n, ŋ ]. They differ from oral plosives in that the soft palate is lowered allowing the escape of air into the nasal cavity. There is another problem of a phonological character, the problem of affricates, that is their phonological status and their number. This problem is a point of considerable controversy among phoneticians. According to Soviet linguists in English phonetics there are two affricates, they are: [t∫] and [d ӡ ]. Some foreign linguists point out more of them, for example, referring to them [ts, dz, tr, dr, t θ , dð]. UNIT 4. THE SYSTEM OF ENGLISH VOWELS Vowels in any language unlike consonants are produced with no obstruction to the stream of air. It would be interesting to know that a minimum vowel system of a language is likely to have only three basic sounds: [a, u, i]. In the matter of the English language it would be fair to mention that due to various reasons it has developed a vocalic system of a much larger number of phonemes. The quality of a vowel is known to be determined by the size, volume and shape of the mouth resonator. The resonator is modified by the most movable speech organs – the tongue and the lips. Moreover, the quality of a vowel depends on whether the speech organs are tense or lax and whether the force of articulation weakens or is stable. The positions of the speech organs in the articulation of vowels may be kept for a variable period of time. All these factors predetermine the principles according to which vowels are classified: a) stability of articulation b)tongue position c) lip position d) character of the vowel end e) length f) tenseness Let‘s consider some of them: Stability of articulation. Here are two possible varieties: a) the tongue position is stable; b) it changes, that is the tongue moves from one position to another. In the first case the articulated vowel is relatively pure, in the second case a vowel consists of two clearly perceptible elements. There exist in addition a third variety, an intermediate case, when the change in the tongue position is fairly weak. So 44 according to this principle the English vowels are subdivided into: a) monophthongs, b) diphthongs, c) diphthongoids. |