Боргуль Н. М. Пособие по основам теории изучаемого языка, печать
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4. Homonymy Homonyms are words which are identical in sound and spelling, or, at least, in one of these aspects, but different in their meaning. E.g.: I. ball , n. – a sphere; any spherical body; II. ball, n. – a large dancing party. 73 There exist various classifications of homonyms. One of the most well-known ones is the classification of Walter Skeat. Walter Skeat classified homonyms according to their spelling and sound forms and he pointed out three groups: 1) perfect homonyms – words identical both in sound and spelling, e.g. school – ‗косяк рыбы ‘ and ‗школа ‘; 2) homographs – words identical in spelling but pronounced differently, e.g. bow [bau] ' поклон ‘ and bow [b ə u] ‗лук ‘; 3) homophones – words pronounced identically but spelled differently, e.g. night ‘ ночь ’ and knight ‗рыцарь ‘. Other linguists propose to divide homonyms into full and partial. When words are homonymous in all their forms: we observe full homonymy of the paradigm of two or more different words: bail 1. залог 2. барьер между лошадями bail, bails 4. ручка ( ведра ) In other cases the whole of the paradigm is not identical, only some forms are homonymous: bail 1. залог – bail, bails 3. вычерпывать воду – bail, bails, bailed, bailing This is partial homonymy . The bulk of full homonyms are to be found within the same parts of speech; partial homonymy, as a rule, can be observed in word-forms belonging to different parts of speech. According to the type of meaning homonyms may be classified into: lexical , lexico-grammatical , and grammatical . Let‘s compare two homonyms: bow 1 ( поклон ) and bow 2 ( лук ) – bow, bows. As we see their paradigms coincide and they differ only in their lexical meaning. Such homonyms are called lexical homonyms . If we compare cow 1 n. ( корова ) – cow, cows and cow 2 v. ( запугивать ) – cow, cows, cowed, cowing, we see that they differ not only in their lexical, but also grammatical meanings as well (one is a verb, while the other a noun). Such homonyms are called lexico-grammatical . Modern English has many homonymic word-forms differing only in their grammatical meaning. Thus the form of the past tense of most English verbs is homonymous with the form of participle 2, e.g. asked – asked; the possessive case and the common case of English nouns are also homonymous: sister‘s sg. and sisters pl . Such homonyms are called grammatical homonyms . It may be easily observed that grammatical homonymy is the homonymy of different word-forms of one and the same word. жүктеу/скачать 0,78 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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