И инновации современной

37 
The most accurate method of determining the power of 
mechanical losses of the motor when it operates as a deacceleration 
brake during braking is the method of turning the crankshaft of the 
ICE by an electric motor on a special assembly shown in (Figure 3). 
Figure 3 – Installation for determining the magnitude of mechanical 
losses of ICE by crankshaft scrolling method using an electric motor 
with visualization and registration of parameters: torque M
c
and 
rotation speed n
e
. 
At the stand, the dependence of the resistance torque of the 
internal combustion engine on its shaft speed is obtained. The power 
of mechanical losses of an internal combustion engine is calculated 
by the formula: 
9549
TD
e
M
M
n
N
(2) 
where: 
TD
M
– motor resistance torque (N.m);
M
N
– power of mechanical losses in the internal combustion 
engine (kW);
e
n
– speed of motor’s shaft (rpm). 
In Figure 4 presents the dependences of mechanical losses 
power of gasoline engines VAZ-21124 and VAZ-21126 with 
modernized piston on crankshaft speed [5]. 

38 
 
Figure 4 – Power characteristics of mechanical losses of gasoline 
engines: VAZ-21124 (upper curve) and VAZ-21126 9 with 
modernized piston (lower curve 2). 
Analysis of Figure 4, shows that the mechanical loss capacity 
of the piston motor is small, it is several times less than its power, 
and it decreases rapidly when the motor shaft speed decreases, which 
negatively affects the braking efficiency. By optimizing the piston 
parameters, the mechanical losses of the internal combustion engine 
are further reduced. This is the goal of almost all researchers of 
combustion engines [5],[6],[7],[8],[9],[10], but to increase the 
efficiency of engine braking, its mechanical losses should be 
increased, but only during braking. So, it is important to determine 
the extent to which it is necessary to increase the power of the 
engine's mechanical losses in order to ensure efficient service 
braking of the car. 

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