Инженерно-строительный журнал, №1, 2017
Magazine of Civil Engineering, No. 1, 2017
жүктеу/скачать 1,7 Mb. Pdf көрінісі
|
| Magazine of Civil Engineering, No. 1, 2017
Sharmanov V.V., Simankina T.L., Mamaev A.E. BIM in the assessment of labor protection. Magazine of Civil Engineering . 2017. No. 1. Pp. 77–88. doi: 10.18720/MCE.69.7 According to the international labour organization annually, 2.3 million people die in accidents at workplace and occupational diseases. The average mortality rate is about 6,000 people daily. Registered in the world around 340 million accidents at production and about 160 million victims of occupational diseases. With regard to the construction industry, there is a disproportionately high level of accidents considered, it should be noted that unrecorded data at times overlap counted several times, which can be associated with minor injuries that have not led to deaths. Also, pay attention to the lack of proper level of control and enforcement of regulatory literature production sites. Director for political Affairs of the International labor organization Sandra Polaski noted that "the problem of ensuring workplace safety is relevant to all countries, and a major role in improving the safety of the work belongs not only to the state but also employers and the workers themselves". In addition, Polaski noted that the state's challenge of "PREVENTIVE CULTURE" – a culture of accident prevention. Thus, for the protection of labour needs to follow all the links of the chain involved in the production of a product, whether we build a house, or manufactured item at the factory. There is a need to develop strategies to improve occupational health and safety in the workplace, which would help to monitor the current situation and signal the presence of vulnerabilities in the system of labor protection at the facility. The Government of the Russian Federation continues work on transition of work management from compensational, costly model to the modern, oriented to the risk management, allowing realizing preventive methods to preserving life and health of workers on production, and also attempts to reduce all types of costs linked with adverse conditions of work are performed. The presidential decree of the Russian Federation of 07.05.2012 No. 596 –606 on the main activities of the Government of the Russian Federation is directed to the activization of work on creation of modern model of the organization of labor protection. Work in this direction, according to the decree, shall consist in implementation and ensuring functioning of institute of assessment of working conditions, enhancements of the legislation in the field of labor protection, updating of the specifications and technical documentation, carrying out comprehensive supervision by all concerned parties of state conditions and labor protection. BIM technologies, including three-dimensional modeling are recognized as the most perspective way of modern modeling. So, on December 29, 2014 the Ministry of a construction and housing-and- municipal and civil engineering (Ministry of Construction of Russia) signed the order No. 926/pr "On approval of the Plan of step-by-step implementation of information modeling in the field of industrial and civil engineering" [2] which approved the plan of step-by-step implementation of BIM in the field of industrial and civil engineering. At the turn of XX century and XXI century the rapid growth of information technologies in a construction which qualitatively changed design approaches of architectural objects is observed, at the same time the approach to work on designing has changed too, as well as the subsequent operation of objects designed in BIM technology is affected. In other words, BIM (Building Information Modeling) is the information modeling of buildings, it is a process of collective creation and the use of project information (model) of future construction, at the same time in creation of a model all related departments of project agency take part [3]. For many years scientists and public Figures were engaged in a research of questions of operational injuries and labor protection. So at the beginning of the 20th century in Russia the big contribution to the solution of a question about social protections of wage workers and a risks assessment was made by V.V. Bervi-Flerovsky, E.M. Dementiev, G.V. Hlopin was engaged in questions of hygiene, N.A. Vigdorchik was engaged in questions of occupational diseases and social insurance. The Russian scientists and public Figures who were engaged in studying of problems of work at the beginning of the XX century can be divided conditionally into four groups: the first should include the Figures pursuing the academic science and also public Figures to the first; to the second group is factory inspectors; the third includes the representatives of employers; and the fourth includes statesmen and officials. If we talk about the second, third and fourth groups, then their interest had something common with their job responsibilities, but the representatives of the first group made the significant contribution to studying of problems of work and they were pioneers of labor researches. These are the famous scientists: R.A. Disterlo, L.S. Tal, M.I. Tugan-Baranovsky, V.V. Svyatlovsky, V.G. Yarotsky, I.S. Voytinsky, M.G. Lunts, I.A. Trakhtenberg, V.M. Dogadov, etc. In the research of V.D. Royk [4] the economic and legal mechanisms of workers protection against industrial hazards are considered. The work experience of the mechanism of compensation of disability 78 |