Инженерно-строительный журнал, №1, 2017
Инженерно-строительный журнал, № 1, 2017
жүктеу/скачать 1,7 Mb. Pdf көрінісі
|
| Инженерно-строительный журнал, № 1, 2017
Шарманов В.В., Симанкина Т.Л., Мамаев А.Е. BIM технологии в оценке уровня охраны труда // Инженерно- строительный журнал. 2017. № 1(69). С. 77–88. on production is considered in details. Bases of the theory and methodology of the organization of system of compulsory social insurance from occupational accidents are lit. In the paper [5] theoretical bases and practical recommendations of insurance underwriting are stated. The underwrating role in activities of an insurance company as well as how this activity begins to play a key role in insurance is shown. Levels of underwriting and their types are considered. We would like to notice the research [6] in which situations on labor protections and industrial safety are considered. Statistical data on an injury rate are given in production depending on a type of economic activity, as well as expenses on providing the correct working conditions. In his research S.P. Levashov [7] provided the analytical review of system of monitoring and a risks assessment to the Russian Federation and abroad; considered a number of consecutive actions of detection of potential dangers of working conditions; provided the analysis of criteria for evaluation of the risks arising in the course of professional activity of the worker. In the article of O.S. Gamayunova [8] the statistics of an industrial injuries in St. Petersburg is provided, education options in the sphere of safety in a construction are considered, foreign experience in the solution of questions of increase in level of safe engineering and labor protection is given. In the articles of T.F. Morozova [9, 10] various evaluation methods of risks when implementing the investment and construction projects are considered. In particular, the example of a risks assessment by an expert method and method of statistical modeling is given. Today the international practice in development of labor protection moves on the way of preventive measures in assessment of professional risks and creation of an effective control system. Positive experience of Great Britain in decrease in level of an industrial traumatism helped with it and it was adopted by the International Labour Organization (ILO) [11] in 1999. In the developed document OHSAS 18001:1999 "System of management of professional health and safety. The specification" new approach to a control system of labor protection is considered. Specifics of the document consist in the mechanism of continuous control of actions for improvement of working conditions. Addressing sources of BIM technologies it should be noted that the foundation is laid by Chuck Istman professor of Technology Institute of Georgia in 1975 in the magazine of the American Institute of Architects (AIA) under the working name "Building Description System" (System of the description of the building). In 1986, for the first time Englishman Robert Ashe in his article used the term "Building Modeling" in its present understanding as information modeling of buildings. Robert Ashe showed qualitatively new approach in designing, and 3rd terminal of the London Heathrow airport became an example of successful project implementation. It was the first case of use of BIM technology in world project and construction practice. Today in the Russian Federation quite great interest in development of BIM-of technologies is noted. More and more companies realize benefits of this technology. Many domestic authors deal with problems of implementation and development of BIM technologies. For example, V.V. Talapov [12] gives the detailed characteristic of BIM technology, he considers practical benefits of its application for all participants of the investment and construction project, he designates the main stages of creation of information model of a construction. Analyzing works [13 –15], it is possible to note that rather much attention is paid to safety issues. Authors [16, 17] emphasize the need of assessment of safety of working conditions at the level of designing of a construction object, in particular suggesting to be protected from such factor as fall from height at the level of a project portrayal. Also the possibility of an algorithm creation analyzed by a 3D model is considered and it finds threats for safety of works. The author [18] suggests to systematize and integrate all knowledge gained in course of construction in one model, beginning from designing through all stages of a construction and finishing with exploitation. Authors [19] consider construction safety issues by creation of the base guided to accurate coordination of questions of labor protection. At the same time the security system consists of the principles, both enhancement of culture of production, and general corporate safety. In researches [20 –27] the application of BIM in construction practice as the instrument of designing is considered. The author [28] made functional assessment of BIM technology in implementation in Real Estate Development Company. In researches [29 –41] the authors specify that BIM is the tool which allows not only to estimate projects, but to analyze safety of future structures, as well as it gives the chance to apply alternative systems to a possibility of evacuation of people from buildings. 79 |