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EDUCATION TECHNOLOGIEs
UDK 378.14
DIsTANT FORMs OF EDUCATION - As HAVE ENHANCED THE EFFICIENCY OF
TEACHING sTUDENTs ON DEsCRIPTIVE GEOMETRY
Zh. Usenbekov
1
, M. Asanaliyev
2
, B. Niyazbekov
3
Almaty Technological University
1
, Almaty, Kazakstan
Kazakh national pedagogical university named after Abay
2
, Almaty, Kazakstan
Almaty Technological University
3
, Almaty, Kazakstan
Аbstract.
Distance education is obtaining of educational services without visiting of university, through
use of modern informational and educational technology and telecommunication systems, such as elec-
tronic mail, television and the Internet.
Modern computer technology and software spread actively in educational institutions, State and in-
terstate programs are implemented, a growing number of teachers receive the necessary experience of
informatization. All of them contribute to the active penetration of information technology into various
areas of educational activities. Descriptive Geometry and Engineering Graphics are the basis of engineering
education, which form the basic knowledge necessary for further study of special subjects.
The process of studying of the descriptive geometry coincides with the period of adaptation of students
in a higher education school. According to usual learning process study of the engineering drawing should
follow further, and there is no doubt that successful development of the descriptive geometry facilitates
easier study of other disciplines of graphic cycle.
Key words: The modern graphical tool, professional orientation of memory, adaptation of students,
enhancing of the effectiveness of educational structures that form of the mental rotation of objects, compe-
tence of the learning software, The distance learning and information technology.
Introduction. The Distance Learning can be used
in higher education school, as well as for training
and retraining of specialists. Given the territorial
peculiarities of Kazakhstan and the growing needs
in quality education in the regions, distance learning
will take a strong position in the nearest future
in the market of educational services. Distance
Learning is a promising way to obtain the formation
for students from isolated rural areas, for students
with specific requirements or for persons, who are
unable to reach an object in another way.
Complex and dynamic nature of the teaching
activities, due to the need to develop different options
of educational content, using of capabilities of the
modern didactics for enhancing of effectiveness of
educational structures, scientific substantiation of
new ideas and technologies. It defines the objective
need to improve training system of future teachers
of vocational training.
The level of the modern development of
production, implementation of new technologies
aimed at creating competitive products, as well as
socio-political and economic reforms in Kazakhstan
require ever greater demands to the education
and training of specialists, advancement of their
training level up to international and rising of
competitiveness.
The Goal. Using of modern information
technologies in teaching of the descriptive geometry
and engineering graphics allows implementing
of active learning methods in order to improve its
efficiency, development of cognitive and creative
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activity of students, to prepare them for independent
professional activity [3]. All of these, together,
facilitate development of competence of the future
qualified specialists and bachelors, who meet the
requirements of rapidly developing economy and
society as a whole.
The main part. Due to the rapid pace of life of
the humanity, pace of perception of information
increases both in everyday life and in the course
of professional work. Information becomes a real
power of production, the quality and quantity of
which depends on the result of many manufacturing
and production processes.
This process is considered as the creation
of a unified educational electronic environment.
Strengthening of the integration component of
computer science with other subjects improves the
efficiency of the using of computer-assisted teaching
in various disciplines.
The computer is used as a modern graphical tool
for solving problems of traditional education and it
has the goal of improving the quality of teaching in
professional activities.
Perception is not physical object that can be
passed from hand to hand, or “shifted” from head
to head; it forms certain processes in the human
psyche.
Hence, it can arise in the mind of man only as
a result of its own activities. Education, which is
carried out by using new information technologies,
requires a fundamentally new approach to
organization of educational process, which in its
turn cannot be achieved based on old techniques
and teaching methods. Therefore it is created of
new tutorials: electronic copies of publications -
so-called “electronic books” or eBooks, as well as
tutorials with attachments in form of audio and
video CD. These sources allow students to acquire
theoretical and practical knowledge and skills of
using new information technologies. It ought to be
remarked that the use of information technology
imposes new requirements on professional skills
of teachers, which foresees not only the mastery
of knowledge, but also accumulation of personal
experience of their practical application, the
acquisition of methodological experience of using
modern computer technology in educational
process.
It is necessary to use different methods of
development of a student’s’ memory for further
better memorization of educational material by
descriptive geometry. Information, which is used
by teachers in the lessons, should be systematized
and available so information obtained by students
should reach the level of automation in the central
nervous system. Therefore, it is not enough to listen
to explanations and watch teacher’s performing of
the drawings, it is necessary to perform graphic
illustrations by themselves, to discuss the algorithm
for solving the tasks, comments for your challenges.
Graphic material for the descriptive geometry
is offered for presentation by using the multimedia
systems when demonstration of a graphics and other
images is carried out by using the original software,
which is included in the installation program,
database and a set of electronic images. Interactive
demonstration of lectures and techniques for solving
the problem of descriptive geometry with animation
and sound occupy an important place in the matter
of Learning (especially in distance learning). As an
example, let’s consider the sequence of construction
of an animated drawing, resolving of the task of
building the mutual position of the planes Δ ABC and
Δ DEF (Figure 1):
Auxiliary projecting and section planes are
traced through a two sides of two triangles,
construct the intersection of auxiliary and given
planes, the required two points are marked at the
intersection of constructed lines with specified right
lines. Connecting them with a straight line (within
triangles) is the line of intersection.
In a similar manner, the point N can be found,
which is the point of intersection of the straight line
BC and a plane of the triangle DEK. The difference
only is that a horizontal projection plane has been
taken as an auxiliary plane and horizontal track
coincides with B1C1. This plane intersects the
triangle DEK through the line 3-4. The intersection
of the frontal projection of this line and the line BC -
point N
2
is a frontal projection of the desired point,
its horizontal projection is located on the line BC.
The competing points and whose projections on
any projection plane coincide determine visibility
of geometric elements in the drawing. The highest
one of two competing points on a horizontal plane
will be visible, i.e. by coordinate Z, and one of two
frontally competing points will by visible with more
value of the coordinate Y. The straight line ED will
be visible on the frontal projection, because its point
1 is visible and it is located closer to a observer (its
coordinate Y is bigger) than competing with it point
5. Visibility of planes of triangles on the horizontal
plane is defined by horizontal competing points 4
and 6, and on the frontal plane - via frontally com-
peting points 1 and 5. Point 6 is located above point
4 (Z coordinate is more), thus it will be visible on the
horizontal plane. Since this point belongs to the di-
rect line, then the line would be visible also. A clear
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demonstration contributes to understanding of the
main point of solving tasks and memorization of an
algorithm.
Figure 1 - Fragments of a sequence of constructing
Analysis of the psychological literature has
shown that a Scientists-psychologists note the
process of memorizing develops when the memory
works heavily and is attracted and directed with
interest [1]. Those words that are associated with
any personal experiences are remembered much
more often than emotional - indifferent.
Personality characteristics of a memory in-
clude: individual combinations of types of memory
for each person, particularities of the processes of
storing and memorization are typical for each indi-
vidual human’s memory properties. The important
feature is also a professional orientation of a memo-
ry and its place in the structure of mental processes
and personality traits.
The success rate of memorizing and preserva-
tion of perceived information in memory mostly
depends on the concentration of a person, on his at-
tention and a level of concernment in a work. Not
without reason people say: “Attention - the cutter
of a memory: the sharper the deeper traces”. One of
the reasons that people have forgotten some facts,
words or thoughts; it is inattention to them dur-
ing their perception, during talking about them or
thoughts. Often it can be observed when a person
with a good memory lags the others just because he
does not force himself to be careful and diligent. Dil-
igence, carefulness and perseverance immeasurably
increase the possibilities of human’s memory, make
it more flexible and robust, develop the human’s ca-
pacity and lead him to success.
Considering the problem of improving the qual-
ity of teaching descriptive geometry, which is one of
general engineering disciplines, we cannot exclude
such an important component of the process like ac-
tivities and creative self-development of personal-
ity. [2].
The indisputable fact is that you can not learn all
the whole material of descriptive geometry in three
days, there is not enough memory. Systematic over-
learning without overloading and memorization in
small portions throughout a semester with period-
ic repetitions after 10 days is much more effective
than concentrated memorizing of large amounts of
information in a short time session [3].
It is almost useless to read the learning material
several times, it is better to read once and try to re-
produce (even with errors and omissions) and then
read and play once again. This method facilitates to
a more robust memorizing and it significantly im-
proves the productivity. Therefore, the best way to
study and fix a theoretical material by descriptive
geometry is via solving tasks on a given topic.
If training material has proved to be difficult,
do not “learn by rote”, it is better to try to establish
a relationship between the elements of material,
to design graphically a diagram showing the logic
of presentation topics and come up for a system of
reference signals [4], which can help understand
and grasp the essence of the problem. The refer-
ence signal must remind about such event or facts
that will help memorize study material. It can be a
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word, phrase, graphics, or formula. If in the begin-
ning, a key moments of the basic studied material
have been sketched on a piece of paper, then try to
reproduce the contents mentally or aloud, next time
take one look at this piece to remember what was
discussed.
Visual memory, being more ancient functional
form, seems to be more stable than the verbal-
logical (semantic) [5]. The system of the reference
signals promotes comprehension of structural and
logical connections of material and at the same time
the development of associative and creative think-
ing. Associations play an important role in the stor-
age and playback. To memorize something means
to associate the retainable thing with something, to
plait the subject with network of existing links, and
to create an association.
We must learn to visualize them, and in this re-
gard, it is necessary to work with respective models
and resolve tasks. It is necessary to learn the ma-
terial in such way that acquired knowledge can be
applied to resolving unknown problems. It requires
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