Казахского государственного женского педагогического университета
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| Қазақ мемлекеттік қыздар педагогикалық университетінің Хабаршысы № 1 (77), 2019
150 sense means that there is a country like Kazakhstan. However, the language usage of tourist blogs has not been the target of linguistic research in our country. In the modern globalized space, there is an intensive exchange and the use of popular and professionally relevant information in the field of tourism on state and international levels. Tourism industry become diversified and interactive forms of representation of recreational activities in the mass media. The present stage of development of linguistic science is characterized by deep interest to the description of various types of discourse in intercultural communication, including tourist discourse (TD). In modern linguistic studies, TD is also considered in many aspects. A pragmatic one is being actively developed (study methods of argumentation, advertising strategies - G.S. Atakyan, P.N. Donets, O.P. Karebin, S.A. Pogodaeva, N.A. Tyuleneva, and M.Y. Ilyushkina). Linguists in the world of philology have not studied communicative strategies and tactics in linguistics enough. As it is known nowadays, linguistics shows much interest to the problems of real communication, to be precise language behavior of strategies and tactics is actually new object of investigation. There are works that are devoted to the ―repertoire of tactics‖ in the field of management, business communication, and polemics; however, there is no integrated view of linguistic description of strategies and tactics of speech. Many of them are left behind the scene, particularly new types of discourse and new communicative situations stimulate the appearance of more not studied forms and solutions. Recently some scientific works published devoted to the study and description of the strategies and tactics. For example, O.S. Parshina studied communicative strategies and tactics of political discourse in 2005. P.V. Tokarev investigated communicative strategies and tactics of educational discourse, while A.V. Lansky‘s work dedicated to communicative strategies of reality shows used by participants, informal interpersonal discussion (U. Boyan 2008), Christian preaching (G.A. Savin 2009), the conflict situation of communication (I.I. Gulakova 2004, V.O. Mulkeeva 2005; D.V. Ivanova 2010) and others. One of the main theoretical studies can be considered O.S. Issers‘ monograph "Communicative strategies and tactics of the Russian language " [2]. Therefore, and this side of linguistics must be researched. The term strategy is initially taken from the military field. However, the usage of this term is now enlarged. If we look to the initial meaning of the term strategy, Oxford dictionary defines this term as following: 1. A plan of action designed to achieve a long-term or overall aim. ‗Time to develop a coherent economic strategy‘. 2. The art of planning and directing overall military operations and movements in a war or battle. ‗He was a genius when it came to military strategy‘ [3]. Cambridge dictionary defines this term as following: 1. An elaborate and systematic plan of action. 2. The branch of military science dealing with military command and the planning and conduct of war [4]. Merriam-Webster dictionary defines the term ―strategy‖ as following: 1. The science and art of employing the political, economic, psychological, and military forces of a nation or group of nations to afford the maximum support to adopted policies in peace or war. 2. A careful plan or method: a clever stratagem [5]. The concept of strategy, over the last three decades, has gained a much broader treatment by different scholars. It has extended its meaning and application to the context of language. Chinese military General, strategist and philosopher Sun Tzu said that strategy without tactics is the slower route to victory. Tactics without strategy is the noise before defeat. We completely agree with the philosopher. Each act of communication in order to achieve some goals is concentrated to the correctly chosen strategies. How the term ―communicative strategy‖ defined by linguists? The definition of communication strategy has been a point of debate for scholars for a wider range of time. J. Gumperz connects the concept of strategy with speaker‘s interpretation in the concrete communicative situation: the character of such interpretation determines the intuitive choice of lexical, grammar, discourse and other verbal and nonverbal means of represented messages [6; 35-36]. D. Tannen shares this point of view and states that the communicative strategy has the property of automaticity and is not realized by communicators, but foresees an opportunity of further decoding by producers [7; 47]. |