Kazakh national pedagogical university after Abai хабаршы вестник bulletin «Тарих және саяси-әлеуметтік ғ ылымдар»
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2018 №3 Абай аты ҰПУ хабарщыс
| Ключевые слова: Казахстан, энергетическая политика, энергетическая безопасность, внешняя
политика
Today, hydrocarbon resources have a significant share in the development of Kazakhstan's economy and in the generation of budget revenues. It would be useful to look at budgetary data to understand the location of the energy in the Kazakh economy. Approximately two-thirds of the budget in 2013 and 2014 was based on the export of energy resources. Hydrocarbon resources constitute 80% of the country's total annual exports. At the same time Kazakhstan's second place in oil production after Russia in the former Soviet republics also shows the place of energy in the country's budget and the position of the country in the world economy. Kazakhstan, with only 30 billion barrels (about 3.9 billion tons) of oil reserves, has only about 1.8% of the world's oil resources. "In Абай атындағы ҚазҰПУ-нің ХАБАРШЫСЫ, «Тарих және саяси-әлеуметтік ғылымдар» сериясы, №3(58), 2018 ж. 105
addition, Kazakhstan ranks 12th in the world according to oil reserves, and 20th in terms of natural gas resources. The Kazakh government is among the first 20 countries in the world according to its energy production volume. In 2015, Kazakhstan's oil production amounted to 90 million tons and natural gas production amounted to 45 billion cubic meters. This is a concrete indication that petrol production has increased about 3 times compared to 1991. Natural gas production, on the other hand, has increased by about 5 times compared to the same years. In 2018, oil production is targeted to be 110 million tons [1]. Kazakhstan's energy policy and the transfer of energy resources are a very important factor in strengthening Kazakhstan's international role. The oil and natural gas transfer routes to Europe and the Far East pass through the country. The efforts to diversify Kazakhstan's energy sources and to select reliable channels for their delivery to the world market are of great importance today, and require intensive concentration on them. This will contribute greatly to ensuring energy security. Indeed, in today's conditions, Kazakhstan is among the most stable countries that supply energy to the world market, especially to European countries, the US and China. The assessment will emerge in a more critical way, given the events in Iran and Russia, which are expected to limit or stop the sale of oil. In addition, Kazakhstan's government is proposing a number of new and constructive strategic initiatives on oil sales. Kazakh oil sees two routes, east and west, to meet the consumer. The eastern route follows Kazakhstan along the line from the Caspian to the city of Alashankou of China. In the long term, it is planned to sell 20 million tons of oil to China via this line. "In the western route, from having the advantage of infrastructure, and in 2003 the Soviet operations in the Caspian Pipeline Consortium (CPC) pipeline through Russia plays an active role. The current capacity of this line is aimed to be increased from 650,000 to 1.6 million in the coming period [2]. This means that the oil that reaches Novorossiysk could create serious pressure on the straits. For this reason, efforts to establish projects that can reduce this pressure in the Black Sea and its surroundings have accelerated in recent years. Immediately after the Turkish government opened the Samsun Ceyhan project, Russia took the Burgaz - Dedeagac crude oil pipeline project to Kazakhstan. Aiming to sustain the weight of the energy market in Russia is an active chess player draws the image created by the policies in this direction. Apart from these two lines, Kazakhstan oil will be transported directly to the Mediterranean via Baku - Tbilisi - Ceyhan (BTC) line. The agreement signed between Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan in November 2011 shows that this alternative is getting stronger. As is known in the first step of filling Azerbaijan petrolüyl BTC pipeline, also in the future together with the inclusion of long-term BTC Kazakh oil is aimed converted to an active line. "However, among the studies done by the Kazakh government for the largest oil deposit in the country, Kashagan (16 billion barrels of oil reserves), there are also evaluations of possible pipeline projects to be used to transport the extracted oil to the world market. Among the pipeline project proposals, the most prominent are: a) Caspian pipeline consortium (CPC) and Atırau-Samara pipeline to Europe; b) Caspian Sea and Baku-Tbilisi- Ceyhan (BTC) c) All petroleum to China and then to the world energy market, d) Iran to the Persian Gulf and then to the Asian-Pacific region [3].
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