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Emergency Isolation Valves
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- CHAPTER 2. APPLICATION OF EMERGENCY SHUTDOWN SYSTEMS
1.8 Emergency Isolation ValvesEmergency isolation valves (EIVs) should be located based on two principles: (1) the amount of isolatable inventory that is desired and (2) protection of the EIVs from the effects of external events. EIVs are normally required to have a fire safe rating (i.e., minimal leakage and operability rating) to a particular standard, for example, API 607. Valves and their actuating mechanisms should be afforded adequate protection where they are required to be located in areas that have the potential for explosion and fire incidents. Locations for ESD’s and EIV valves in Refinery Production Facilities (Hazard Zones) include: - One ESD on each burner Fuel Gas or oil feed line; - On each feed line which contains a flammable fluid; - Hydrocarbon feed lines to the unit; - Lines containing toxic material if necessitated by the specific circumstances; - One ESD on each pump suction line based on size and characteristics of the inventory, as close to the upstream vessel as practical; - Install an ESD on liquid outlet line for vessels containing light ends or toxic materials; - Install ESD on liquid outlet line for vessels containing liquids heavier than light ends with their operating temperature above their flash point; -Vapor lines or vessels in vapor only service to isolate them from normal vapor path where an upset condition could lead to vessel failure; - Install ESD on compressor suction and discharge when horsepower is greater than 200; - Install on compressor interstage equipment when liquid inventory is more than 1000 gallons. CHAPTER 2. APPLICATION OF EMERGENCY SHUTDOWN SYSTEMS2.1 Working principle and components of ESD systemAn emergency shutdown system or ESD system is a vastly reliable control system for providing a safety layer for the period of emergency situations. It makes a difference to avoid situations from having disastrous impacts ecologically and economically. Emergency Shutdown Systems in any facility minimizes wound to working staff & the environment or damage to equipment, by ensuring against leaks, hydrocarbon escape, fire outbreaks, explosions, etc. The integration of different systems like Fire and Gas system, compressor, DCS or other systems may differ from one production to another. It depends on definite industry standards. The Figure 2.1 below shows a typical Emergency Shutdown System in its basic form. жүктеу/скачать 2,11 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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