Математическая грамотность. Минск: рикз, 2020. 252 с
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2-ex pisa
| Quantity
98. The notion of quantity may be the most pervasive and essential mathematical aspect of engaging with, and functioning in, our world. It incorporates the quantification of attributes of objects, relationships, situations and entities in the world, understanding various representations of those quantifications and judging interpretations and arguments based on quantity. To engage with the quantification of the world involves understanding measurements, counts, magnitudes, units, indicators, relative size and numerical trends and patterns. Aspects of quantitative reasoning – such as number sense, multiple representations of numbers, elegance in computation, mental calculation, estimation and assessment of reasonableness of results – are the essence of mathematical literacy relative to quantity. 99. Quantification is a primary method for describing and measuring a vast set of attributes of aspects of the world. It allows for the modelling of situations, for the examination of change and relationships, for the description and manipulation of space and shape, for organising and 190 interpreting data and for the measurement and assessment of uncertainty. Thus mathematical literacy in the area of quantity applies knowledge of number and number operations in a wide variety of settings. 100. Computer simulations: Both in mathematics and statistics there are problems that are not so easily addressed because the required mathematics are complex or involve a large number of factors all operating in the same system or because of ethical issues relating to the impact on living beings or their environment. Increasingly in today’s world such problems are being approached using computer simulations driven by algorithms. In the illustrative example Savings Simulation the student uses a computer simulation as a tool in decision making. The computer simulation does the calculations for the student, leaving the student to plan, predict and solve problems based on the variables that they can control. 101. Identifying computer simulations as a focal point of the quantity content category signals that in the context the Computer-Based Assessment of Mathematics (CBAM) of PISA being used from 2021, there are a broad category of complex problems including budgeting and planning that students can analyse in terms of the variables of the problem using computer simulations provided as part of the test item. жүктеу/скачать 7,1 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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