| To control labour costs, managers must first measure the amount and type of
work required to produce a product and then specify well-designed, efficient methods
for accomplishing the necessary manufacturing tasks. In new operations particularly,
it is important to anticipate human resource requirements and to translate them into
recruiting and training programs so that a nucleus of appropriately skilled operators is
available as production machinery and equipment are installed. Specialized groups
responsible for support activities (such as equipment maintenance, plant services and
production scheduling, and control activities) also need to be hired, trained, and
properly equipped. This type of careful personnel planning reduces the chance that
expensive capital equipment will stand idle and that effort, time, and materials will be
wasted during start-up and regular operations.
The effective use and control of materials often involves investigations of the
causes of scrap and waste; this, in turn, can lead to alternative materials and handling
methods to improve the production process. The effective control of machinery and
equipment depends on each machine's suitability to its specific task, the degree of its
utilization, the extent to which it is kept in optimum running condition.
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