15. Read and translate the following dialogues about weather in in
Great Britain.
a)
-What is the climate in Great Britain?
-The British climate is mild, in general. In summer, the temperature is not
high and in winter, it is not low. There is little snow in winter in England but much
rain. Scotland gets its fair share of snow in winter.
b)
– I say, what are you going to do during your summer holidays?
- I am to Britain this summer as a tourist… I wonder what weather will be
there.
- Naturally, you have got to hope for the weather because much of your fun
depends on having good weather.
- That’s right.
- But you shouldn’t worry about it. Britain has a moderate climate. The low-
est summer temperature is about ten degrees above zero.
c)
– Jane! What’s the weather like today? It is changed for the worse, it looks
like.
- It has. It’s turned damp and foggy again.
- And it’s drizzling too.
- It looks like autumn is here. October is usually a cold and rainy month in
three parts.
- Is it very muddy outside?
- Rather. You’d better put on your raincoat and boots and take your umbrel-
la.
- What a disappointing change from the weather we had yesterday.
d)
- Hello, Kate! Isn’t it a terrible day today?
- Yes, It’s awful. It’s raining cats and dogs! You look wet through.
- Yes, I am soaked to the skin. And all because I did not take my raincoat
this morning. The weather looked nice, so I went without it. I did not look like
rain at all.
- Do you think It’ll clear up soon?
- I do not think so. The weather forecast for today was rain, rain the whole
day.
16. Use the right word:
fine; climate; warm; wet; weather (4); foggy; weather forecast (2); to rain;
cold
a) - British people say, «Other countries have a…, in England we have …. »
24
- The … in Britain changes very quickly. One day may be … and next day
may be ….
- The morning may be … and the evening may be …
- People talk about the … more in Britain than in most parts of the world.
- When two Englishmen meet, of they can’t think of anything else to talk
about, they talk about the …
- Every daily paper publishes the … .
- Both the radio and television give the … several times each day, warning
drivers if it is … and warning people to take umbrellas if it is going …
b) Complete the dialogue (consult exercise 16)
- What is the weather like today?
- … changes in our country more often than in other countries, that is why
we say, “Other countries have … “
- Are all the days alike in autumn?
- Oh, no … and the next day …
- Look! The sky is covered with heavy dark … and it is going …
-It may, but you can never be sure.
- … it often rain in …?
- … is a rainy month. The people in street are opening …
- Do Englishmen always … raincoats and … umbrellas in autumn?
- As a rule, they do.
- And what … in winter?
- Winter coats, if …
- What do Englishmen say to start a conservation?
17. Work in groups. Find out from your partners:
a)- why the state is called the United Kingdom of Great Britain and North-
ern Ireland,
-
why people say that Great Britain was a part of the continent,
-
what they know about the landscape of Great Britain,
-
what they know about the climate of the country.
b) Explain why:
-
the name of the state situated on the British Isles is often wrongly
used;
-
the coasts of Great Britain are very irregularly shaped.
c) Prove that:
-
the geographical situation of Great Britain is advantageous.
d ) Ask each other the questions
-What is the weather like today?
- Study the weather forecast and tell about weather on the Black Sea coast
(in the North Pole, in London, in Paris, in Australia etc.)
- What is your favourite season (weather) and why?
25
- Which is the coldest (hottest) month in your town? (London, Tokyo, Paris,
Rome, Boston etc.)
- What is the weather like in winter (autumn) in Russia (in the UK)?
- What kind of weather doyou like (dislike)?
GRAMMAR
______________________________________________________________________________________
Modal verbs
Модальный
глагол
и его эквивалент
Выражает
Перевод
Present
Past
Future
can; to be able; to
физическую или
умственную
способность
могу, умею,
способен
can am/ is/ are able
to
could was/were
able to
shall/ will be able
to
may; to be allowed
(to)
разрешение,
просьба
разрешите, можно
May is/ am/ are
allowed to
Might was/ were
allowed to
shall/ will be
allowed to
Must
должен,
необходимость
выполнить что-
либо
должен, обязан
must
have to
необходимость
выполнения
действия из-за
обстоятельств
вынужден,
приходится
has/ have to
Had to
shall/ will have to
to be to
необходимость
выполнения из-за
заранее
запланированного
, по
договоренности
должен, обязан
am/ is/ are to
was/ were to
Shall
желание получить
распоряжение,
угроза,
предостережение
должен
shall (Shall he
wait? — Ему
подождать?)
should
рекомендации по
совершению
действия, совет
должен, следует,
рекомендуется
should
will
оттенок желания,
намерения,
согласия,
настойчивости
охотно,
пожалуйста,
будьте добры
will
would
оттенок
намерения,
просьбы,
повторности
действия в
прошлом
охотно,
пожалуйста,
будьте добры,
бывало
ought
моральный долг,
совет (+ not +
perfect inf. —
упрек, порицание)
следует,
следовало бы,
должно быть по-
видимому
Ought
need
необходимость
совершения
действия
нужно, надо
need
dare
возмущение
осмелюсь, сметь
что-либо делать
dare
dared
26
Упражнение 1. Поставьте вопрос к собеседнику, исходя из вашего
утверждения.
Образец: I am sorry I can't swim well. And you? – Can you swim will?
1. My father can play chess well. And your father? 2. She can't cook. And
your sister? 3. They can sing very well. And your friends? 4. I can play the piano.
And you? 5. I must learn this poem. And you? 6. I may go home now. And you? 7.
ary can speak English very well. And you? 8. I may buy this book. And you? 9.
Kelly must read the poem. And you? 10. He must wash the floor in the room. And
Bill?
Упражнение 2. Поставьте вопрос к подлежащему, употребляя
whoили what.
Образец: The clock is on the table. – What is on the table?
1. My friend can draw very well. 2. The boy can't lift the table alone. 3. The
table is very heavy. 4. The apples are green. 5. The children are playing hockey. 6.
We must do this work very well. 7. You may go out. 8. You work at a bank. 9. He
will fly to London next week. 10. I am speaking French now.
Упражнение 3. Заполните пробелы, использовав needn’t / don’t have
to / mustn’t / didn’t need to / have to /needn’t have.
1) You _____ enter this area without permission.
2) You _____ wash the clothes. I’ll do it tomorrow.
3) He _____ give me a lift, because I had arranged to go by taxi.
4) The notice says that club members _____ use the pool unattended.
5) Elaine _____ cook dinner as she had arranged to go to an Italian restau-
rant with Lisa.
Упражнение 4. Заполните пропуски, используя представленный мо-
дальный глагол.
1) Why didn’t you tell me you were coming?
Have– You _____ _____ _____ _____ you were coming.
2) Perhaps they will come round tonight.
May– They _____ _____ _____ tonight.
3) You are forbidden to take out library books without paying the member
ship fee.
Not– You _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ books without paying the
membership fee.
4) Tim gave my some money even though it wasn’t necessary.
Have– Tim _____ _____ _____ _____ any money.
5) I’m sure he didn’t know that I was leasing.
Have– He _____ _____ _____ that I was leaving.
27
Упражнение 5. Перефразируйте предложения, используя модаль-
ный глагол might.
Образец: Perhaps the children will be naughty tonight. – The children might
be naughty tonight.
1.
Perhaps it will snow tomorrow.
2. Perhaps I’ll travel to the islands for my holiday.
3. Perhaps he won’t send the flowers to her.
4. Perhaps you’ll get a brand new car for your birthday.
5. Perhaps she’ll be late because of a traffic jam.
Упражнение 6. Выберите подходящий модальный глагол в скобках.
1. You … (don’t have to/must not) go to school if you have a high tempera-
ture.
2. The exam is next week. So you … (must/can) study hard.
3. I will cook everything for the party, so you … (don’t have to/mustn’t)
bring any food.
4. He needs more exercise, he … (should/can) go to a gym.
5. Women … (are allowed to/have to) cover their heads in a church.
6. I … (can’t/can) speak Italian very well because I didn’t learn it at school.
7. We … (could/couldn’t) sleep last night because of the storm.
8. Sam … (must/had to) leave the party early because his wife disappeared.
9. If you train more you … (could/will be able to) run faster.
10. I was … (ought to/able to) buy a dishwasher with my credit card.
11. You … (ought/can) to apologize.
12. We … (needn’t/mustn’t) book a room in advance. They always have
some vacant rooms.
13. Your hair looks awful. You … (can/should) get it cut.
14. I am exhausted. I … (am able to/need to) get some rest.
15. When they were rich they were … (able to/allowed to) travel abroad eve-
ry month.
Упражнение 7. Расставьте слова в предложениях с модальными
глаголами по порядку.
1. chairs / have / to / many / you / did / buy / so / why?
2. after/ to / you / tree / have / look / this /carefully / very.
3. have/ doesn’t / my / correct / she / to / mistakes.
4. invite/wedding / should / our / we / cousins / the / to.
5. shouldn’t/ today / without /an / outside / go / she / umbrella.
Упражнение 8. Заполните пробелы, использовав can или be able to.
a) George has travelled a lot. He _______ speak four languages.
28
b) Tom _______ drive but he hasn’t got a car.
c) I can’t understand Martin. I’ve never _______ understand him.
d) I used to _______ stand on my head but I can’t do it now.
e) Ask Ann about your problem. She should _______ help you.
29
UNIT 3
LONDON
SIGHTS OF LONDON
London is the capital of Great Britain, its political, cultural and commercial
centre. London is one of the largest cities in the world. Its population is more than
8 million.
London is a very old city. It was founded in the first century A.D. by the
Romans. Traditionally London is divided into several parts: the City, Westminster,
the West End and the East End. They are very different from each other.
The heart of London is the City – its commercial and business centre. There
are many banks, offices and firms there. Few people live in the City. But over a
million come to work here.
Two famous historic buildings are located in the City – the Tower of London
and St Paul’s Cathedral. The Tower of London was built in the 11 the century. It
was used as a fortress, a royal residence and a prison. Now it is a museum of ar-
mour.
A twenty minutes’ walk from the Tower will take you to another historic
building – St Paul’s Cathedral. It was built in the 17th century by the famous archi-
tect Sir Christopher Wren.
Westminster is the centre of government. Here we can the Houses of Parlia-
ment with the famous clock “Big Ben” on one the towers. All government offices
are in Whitehall. The official residence of the Queen is Buckingham Palace. The
residence of Prime Minister is at 10 Downing Street.
Opposite the Houses of Parliament stands Westminster Abbey. It is the place
where all the coronations of the British monarchs take place. Many famous people
are also buried in Westminister Abbey including statesmen, musicians and writes.
The West End is the richest and the most beautiful part of London. It is the
symbol of wealth and luxury. There are the best shops, hotels, restaurants, houses
and lovely gardens there. It includes Trafalgar Square, the main shopping areas of
Oxford Street.
Trafalgar Square was built in the last century to commemorate the Battle of
Trafalgar. Admiral Lord Nelson’s statue stands on top of a column in the middle of
Trafalgar Square. The square makes a good place for people to meet. Behind Nel-
son’s column is the National Gallery, an art gallery in which you can find many
old masters. Not far away from the National Gallery is the British Museum. It con-
tains a priceless collection of ancient manuscripts, coins, sculptures. It is famous
for its library – one of the richest in the world.
The East End is an industrial district of London. It is famous as the centre of
the clothing industry.
30
1. Study the names of London sights.
1. The City – Сити
2. Westminster – Вестминстер
3. The West End – Вестэнд
4. The East End – Истэнд
5. the Tower of London – Тауэр
6. St. Paul’s Cathedral – Собор святого Павла
7. The Houses of Parliament– Здания Парламента
8. Buckingham Palace– Букингемский дворец
9. Westminster Abbey– Вестминстерское Аббатство
10. Trafalgar Square – Трафальгарская площадь
11. The National Gallery – Национальная галерея
12. The British Museum – Британский музей
2. Find the English equivalents of the words.
1. разделен на несколько частей__________________________________
2. знаменитые исторические здания_______________________________
3. крепость____________________________________________________
4. королевская резиденция______________________________________
5. музей оружия_______________________________________________
6. центр правительства__________________________________________
7. башня______________________________________________________
8. место, где проходят коронации монархов________________________
9. символ богатство и роскоши___________________________________
10. ознаменовывать____________________________________________
11. художественная галерея______________________________________
12. содержать бесценную коллекцию______________________________
13. древние рукописи___________________________________________
14. промышленный район_______________________________________
15. текстильная промышленность ________________________________
3. Choose the correct answer.
1. London is divided into …
a. two parts b. three parts c. four parts d. five parts
2. The commercial and business centre of London is …
a. Westminster b. the East End c. the West End d. the City
31
3. The famous historic buildings of the City are …
a. the British museum b. Big Ben c. the Tower of London d. St Paul’s
Cathedral
4. Nowadays the Tower of London is a…
a. prison b.museum of armour c. royal residence d. church
5. Westminster is the centre of …
a. shopping b. industry c. tourism d. government
6. In Westminster you can see …
a. the Houses of Parliament b. Trafalgar Square c. Buckingham Palace d.
Big Ben
7. Westminster Abbey is the place where …
a. the British Parliament seat
b. tourists buy souvenirs
c. coronations of the monarchs take place
d. people celebrate Christmas
8. The West End is …
a. industrial part of London
b. historical part of London
c. the richest part of London
d. the most beautiful part of London
9. In the middle of Trafalgar there is …
a. column
b. column with a statue of Admiral Nelson
c.museum
d. gallery
10. You can find collections of ancient manuscripts, coins and sculptures
in…
a. the National Gallery
b. the British Museum
c. St Paul’s Cathedral
d. the Tate Gallery
4. Translate the following sentences.
1.Лондон – большой порт и важный торговый, промышленный и куль-
турный центр страны.
2. Римляне дали Лондону его первое название.
32
3.Развитие большинства отраслей промышленности связано с обеспе-
чением потребностей населения столицы.
4. Лондон – важный международный центр авиалиний.
5.Тауэр Лондона, бывшая резиденция английских королей, была осно-
вана Вильгельмом Завоевателем.
6. Три четверти Лондона было уничтожено Великим Пожаром в 1666
году.
7. В Лондоне находятся более 30 музеев, около 40 театров, работает
одна из крупнейших в мире библиотека Британского музея.
5. Read and translate the following texts.
MAIN INTERESTING PLACES IN LONDON
Hyde Park
Hyde Park is
one of the largest
parks in London, and
one of the Royal
Parks of London. The
Park is the largest of
four
parks
which
form a chain from the
entrance of Kensing-
ton Palace through
Kensington Gardens
and Hyde Park, via Hyde Park Corner and Green Park (19 hectares), past the
main entrance to Buckingham Palace and then on through Saint James's Park(23
hectares) to Horse Guards Parade in Whitehall. The park is divided in two by the
Serpentine and the Long Water.
Trafalgar square
This is one of the nerve-
centers of London. It was named
Trafalgar Square to commemorate
the historical naval victory won on
the 21st of October 1805 by the
British fleet under the command of
Horatio Nelson over the combined
French-Spanish fleet commanded
by Villeneuve. The battle took
place at Cape Trafalgar in the
33
mouth of the Straits of Gibraltar and lasted several hours. Nelson was fatally
wounded by a shot which broke his backbone. He died on board his flagship the
Victory, but not before being told that he had won the battle.
Nelson's Column, with the statue of Admiral Lord Nelson on top, rises in the
centre of Trafalgar Square. This most impressive monument is 170 feet (about 52
m) tall. The statue of Nelson, placed facing towards the sea he loved, measures 17
feet (more than 5 m) in height.
To the north-east of Trafalgar Square there is the building that houses the Na-
tional Gallery of Art - one of the most important Art Galleries in the world - and
behind is the National Portrait Gallery.
Quite often the square becomes the location for meetings and in it crowds of
Londoners congregate to celebrate political rallies. So it can be said that Trafalgar
Square is the heart from which the beat is emitted to all the Londoners.
There are many pigeons in the square and Londoners like to feed them. Eve-
rybody knows that the dove is the symbol of peace all over the world.
The Story of a Statue
If you ever come to London
you will surely go to Trafalgar
Square. The main feature of the
Square is Nelson's Column with the
figure of the great seaman on the
top.
Just behind it is the National
Gallery where there is one of the
finest collections of pictures in the
world. In the middle of the road
there is an interesting statue which
is one of the finest in Great Britain. It is in bronze and represents Charles I on
horseback.The Statue of Charles I has a very amusing history. After the English
Civil War (1642—1646) it was taken down and sold to a cutler. He immediately
made great numbers of knives and forks with bronze handles. He told everybody
that they were the best knives and that he had made them from the metal of the
statue. They were rapidly bought, both by the friends and the enemies of the late
monarch. The cutler soon made a lot of money and retired from business.
Sometimes after the Restoration the government wanted to put up a new
statue to the memory of Charles I. When the cutler heard of this he told the gov-
ernment that he had hidden the old statue and that he would sell it to them at a
moderate price. They agreed and the monument was put up again in the place
where if stands now.
34
The National Gallery
The National Gallery in Tra-
falgar Square has one of the best
balanced picture collections in the
world. It can show the progress of
Italian painting from the medieval
to the mature mastery of the Re-
naissance; some outstanding pic-
tures of the old Roman masters; an
excellent choice of Spanish paint-
ers, with El Greco, Velasquez, and
Ribera leading; a great variety of
unsurpassed Dutch and Flemish masters; a most valuable display of French paint-
ings from the early days of the Impressionists; and, of course, the bulk of the finest
English painting, with Gainsborough; Turner, Constable, and Reynolds.
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