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Korenkov Topographic Anatomy (1)
| TOPOGRAPHIC ANATOMY
CHEST (pectus) Chest comprises surface layers, thoracic cage (thorax) and chest cavity (cavum thoracis) where organs are located. The upper border of the chest passes through jugular notch of sternum, then – along the clavicle to acromioclavicular joint. Therefrom – backwards to spinous process of vertebra prominence, or C7 (vertebrae prominens). Chest is separated from upper limb with the line, which passes from clavicle through deltopectoral groove and then – along the rear edge of deltoid muscle. The lower border passes along the edge of the rib arch to 10th rib, and then – through the anterior ends of the 11th – 12th ribs, along the inferior border of the 12th rib until spinous process of thoracic vertebra. In order to determine projection of lungs, heart and abdomen organs we can draw few conditional lines on the chest. 1. Linea mediana anterior – goes through the middle of the sternum. 2. Linea sternalis – goes through the sternum edge. 3. Linea parasternalis – goes to the middle between sternal line and midclavicular line. 4. Linea medioclavicularis – goes through the middle of the clavicle. 5. Linea axillaris anterior. 6. Linea axillaris media. 7. Linea axillaris posterior. These three lines (5, 6, 7) go through the lateral surface of the chest – from anterior wall, middle and posterior wall of axilla accordingly. 4 1. Linea scapularis – goes through the scapula bottom corner. 2. Linea paravertebralis – passes between scapula and vertebral line. 3. Linea vertebralis – goes through vertebra transverse processes. 4. Linea mediana posterior – goes through vertebra spinous processes. Chest is divided into several segments: 1. Anterior superior segment – complies with pectoralis major muscle. This segment comprises subclavian and breast area. 2. Anterior inferior segment – from bottom edge of pectoralis major muscle to costal margin. 3. Sternal segment – complies with sternum contours. 4. Scapular segment. 5. Subclavian segment. 6. Spinal segment. жүктеу/скачать 2,76 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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