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THORACIC AREA (regio mammaria)



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Korenkov Topographic Anatomy (1)

 
THORACIC AREA (regio mammaria)
Area limits:
● above – the 3rd rib;
● below – the 7th rib;
● medially – linea parasternalis;
● laterally – linea axillaris anterior.
The skin is thin and movable. 
In the subcutaneous tissue there are rr. cutanei anteriores 
et laterales nn. supraclaviculares. There are rr. mammarii 
laterales et mediales from intercostal nerves, superficial veins 
and branches of a. thoracoacromialis, a. thoracica interna, aa. 
intercostales anteriores in women. 
Mammary gland (mamma) is covered by superficial fascia 
which forms a capsula. Fascial septums sping from capsula 
inside the mammary gland, between its lobules. 
The capsule is attached to skin by means of connective 
tissue bands, and above to clavicle by means of suspensory 
ligaments of the breast (ligg. suspensorium mammae). The 
loss of compliance and distortion of connective tissue results 
in mastoptosis, what makes women to perform plastic surgery 
(mastopexy).
The thoracic area has three layers of cellular tissue. First 
layer is located between skin and fascia superficialis (capsule) 
of mamma. Second layer is located inside the capsule between 
the lobules of mammary gland. Third later is located between 
the deep lamina of fascia superficialis and fascia pectoralis 
propria. 
The mammary gland comprises 15 – 20 radiary placed 
lobules. Each lobule has its own duct (ductus lactiferous), 
which forms a distention (sinus lactiferous) near the base of 


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the nipple. 
In the middle of mammary gland there is areola mammae 
in the center of which the mammilla (papilla mammaria) 
emerges. The papilla mammaria of a young woman complies 
with the 5th rib. Montgomery tubercles emerge in the area of 
areola. On the top of Montgomery tubercles, the excretory 
ducts of glandulae areolares open, which appear at the end of 
pregnancy and exist during all the lactation period.
Sulcus intermammarius is located between left and right 
mammae. Behind the mamma capsule there is a layer of 
adipose tissue. Fascia pectoralis propria, m. pectoralis major 
and m. serratus anterior lie deeper. 


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