Образования
Digitization of economic branches
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ХАБАРШЫ (1) (1)
1. Digitization of economic branches2. Transition to the digital state3. Realization of the Digital Silk Way4. Evolution of the human capital assets5. Innovative ecosystem formationWithin the framework of these five areas, 17 initiatives and more than 100 events were formed. The country's economy is increasingly digitized. In 2018, the share of organizations using computers increased from 70.7% to 77.7%. The share of organizations with Internet access increased from 67.7% in 2017 to 75.1% in 2018, and the share of organizations with Internet resources increased from 21.7% to 22.3%. The total economic effect of digitalization in Kazakhstan amounted to $ 578 million. The official information resource of the Prime Minister of Kazakhstan reported that due to the introduction of economy’s digitalization, the expected annual productivity growth by 2-10%, the growth of production at the fields by 3%, reducing production cost by 10-20%, increase productivity through the application of precision farming in agriculture — 25-50%. In 2018 — the first year of the implementation of the Digital Kazakhstan program — investments in the field of information and communications showed a significant increase: +40.3% for the year, to 92.5 billion tenge. However, in the first nine months of 2019, investments amounted to 46 billion tenge — 10.2% lower than in the same period 2018 (51.3 billion tenge). The main areas of investment in fixed assets in the third quarter of 2019: replacement of old equipment (15%); expansion of production capacity to increase the number of subscribers (11%); investment in the introduction of new technologies (5%). According to IDC, direct investment in digital transformation will amount to $ 7.4 trillion between 2020 and 2023. Also, by 2023, the share of spending on digitalization will grow to 50% of all investments in ICT. The greatest growth is projected in data analysis and analytics, as companies create competitive advantages based on information. Total expenditures on information and communication technologies in Kazakhstan in 2018 amounted to 305.2 billion tenge, a decrease of 12.8% over the year. In the digitalization of the country, an important role is played by the import of goods related to information and communication technologies. Thus, in 2018, the total import of goods related to ICT increased by 11.8% over the year and amounted to 2.3 billion US dollars. 45.3% of all imports accounted for telecommunications equipment, 12.5% — for computers and related equipment, 11.7% — for electronic components, 30.5% - for other ICT goods [9]. The technological development of digital technologies, communications and information in Kazakhstan, according to the independent rating "Business Climate 2019" of The national chamber of entrepreneurs of the Republic of Kazakhstan "Atameken", is estimated by entrepreneurs relatively high. The situation is worse in the eyes of business with technological efficiency in mechanical engineering, assembly plants. The overall technological development of the private sector is estimated to be below average. On a four-point scale, the indicator for the introduction of innovations and modernization of enterprises was 2.5 points (figure 1). (1 point - no / poor score, 2 points - average score, 3 points - above average score, 4 points-available good score) Figure 1 - The use of modern digital technologies in Kazakhstan, 2019 (industry index) The highest digitalization in the regional context in 2019 is observed in the Mangystau and Akmola oblasts (Figure 2). (1 point - no / poor score, 2 points - average score, 3 points - above average score, 4 points-available good score). The last positions are occupied by Kostanay, Pavlodar and West Kazakhstan oblasts. If we talk about the introduction of digital technologies in the industry breakdown, the leading areas are: electricity, water and solid waste. Agriculture and trade are lagging behind, the survey showed. As noted in the study, digital technologies were most often used in communications, banks, reporting and digitalization of security systems.The use of modern technologies in communications, banking, and reporting is highly appreciated in Nur-Sultan, Akmola and Aktobe oblasts, in the fields of education, electricity supply, and construction. Most often, innovations were introduced in the security system. West Kazakhstan, Kyzylorda, and Atyrau oblasts were particularly successful in this area, as well as in such industries as accommodation and food, manufacturing, and healthcare. Figure 2 - The use of modern digital technologies in Kazakhstan, 2019 (regional index) It should be noted that the sociological study "Business Climate 2019" was conducted from September to November 2 of the 2019. The survey participants were 3,091 representatives of small and medium-sized businesses. Based on the results of this work, recommendations were developed to improve the situation in the field of technological development. In particular, it is noted that it is necessary to adopt a program for the development of local power grids, transformer substations and other communications, which at the moment cannot meet the needs of business and production, with the existing surplus in the republic of 10-15% due to the deterioration of local communications. It is also recommended to provide an independent audit of the quality of technological and construction work in public procurement. It is stated that it is necessary to create a program similar to the business roadmap in the field of development of technological and scientific private enterprises. In addition, the state needs to support specialists in technology field. TheregionsneedbroadbandInternet. Automation of tax administration According to the National Chamber of Entrepreneurs "Atameken", one of the most automated state bodies for the provision of public services in Kazakhstan is the State Revenue Committee of the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The Committee has implemented the control of traceability of goods, works and services on the ELECTRONIC INVOICES basis. The the State Revenue Committee also has a centralized database, which allows for analytical control by the central office. However, there are some imperfections in the tax administration system. So, according to the NCE, the tax control system needs to be revised, which would not cause difficulties to taxpayers. In Kazakhstan, the only electronic service "Taxpayer's Cabinet" is available for all taxpayers. This does not allow to send address information, submit electronic requests to the tax authority to obtain information necessary for the performance of a tax obligation [10]. жүктеу/скачать 2,01 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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