ОңТҮстік қазақстан медицина академиясы, хабаршы №4 942, 2021 жыл, том 2
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| Iztleuov G.M.
candidate of chemical sciense, professor, Baisbai O.- associate professor. M.Auezov SKU , Shymkent. Republic of Kazakstan, gani5@mail.ru TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS FOR BIOETHANOL Spark Ignition Engines For the combustion of petrol, usually spark ignition engines are used. These are internal combustion engines where the fuel-air mixture is ignited with a spark. These engines differ to compression-ignition engines, where the heat and pressure from compression alone ignites the mixture. Spark-ignition engines can be either two- stroke or four-stroke. A four- stroke spark-ignition engine is an Otto cycle engine. Originally the fuel of spark- ignition engines is mixed outside the cylinders, as opposed to compression-ignition engines where the fuel is mixed inside the cylinders. However spark-ignition engines are increasingly being designed with direct injection, eliminating this distinction. Generally all spark ignition engines can run with bioethanol as well. If 10 to 25% ethanol is mixed with gasoline, typically no engine modifications are needed. Many modern cars can run on these mixtures very reliably. But, the higher the ethanol component of blended petrol becomes, the lower is its suitability for standard car engines. This is due to certain characteristics of bioethanol [1-2]. Extensive international experience demonstrates that, in general, E10 blends do not require engine tuning or vehicle modifications. And since most of the materials that have been used by the motor industry over the last two decades are E10 compatible, substitution of parts is not usually required. However, because European Union fuel quality regulations have limited the ethanol content to 5 % (E5) or less, automakers have typically restricted the warranty coverage of vehicles sold in the EU to this level. This limit is currently discuss ed to be increased up to a 10 % limit. In Brazil, all brands of automotive gasoline contain anhydrous ethanol in the range of 20−25 % ( E20−E25 ). Foreign vehicles have been adapted by using ethanol-compatible materials in the fuel system and by tuning the engines for a mid-range point, usually at the 22 % ethanol level (E22). This customization has resulted in good drivability and performance, with fuel consumption comparable to gasoline operation. For using fuels that are higher blended with ethanol ( жүктеу/скачать 3,39 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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