ОңТҮстік қазақстан медицина академиясы, хабаршы №4 942, 2021 жыл, том 2



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nitrogen oxides 
(NO
x
) are generally minor, and can either be increased or 
decreased, depending on conditions. NO
x
emission from combustion of ethanol blends range from a 10% 
decrease to a 5% increase over emissions from gasoline (OECD/IEA 2004 p. 114). However, if the full life 
cycle of ethanol is considered, NO
x
emissions can be significantly higher mainly due to emissions from 
feedstock production. NO
x
is released from fertilizers used to grow bioenergy crops, and is emitted mostly 
outside urban areas. 
When gasoline is blended with ethanol, emissions of most toxic air pollutants decrease. This is 
primarily due to the dilution effect of ethanol which substitutes some part of gasoline, which emits toxic air 
pollutants. For instance, toxic emissions of 
benzene

1,3-butadiene

toluene 
and 
xylene 
decrease when 
ethanol is added. Benzene is a carcinogen, while olefins and some aromatics which are emitted by the 
combustion of fossil fuels as well, are precursors to ground-level ozone. While few studies have looked at the 
impacts on pollution levels from high blends, it appears that impacts are similar to those from low blends. 
The above mentioned toxics benzene, 1.3-butadiene, toluene and xylene, which are emitted by the 
combustion of fossil fuels, are considered to be more dangerous than emissions of ethanol combustion. 
During ethanol fuel combustion, emissions of the toxic air pollutants 
acetaldehyde

formaldehyde
, and 
peroxyacetyl nitrate 
(PAN) increase relative to straight gasoline. Acetaldehyde is emitted most, but it is a 
less-reactive and less-toxic pollutant than formaldehyde. PAN is an eye irritant and is harmful to plants. No 
one of these pollutants is present in the unburned fuel, as they are only created as byproducts of incomplete 
combustion . Nevertheless, impacts of acetaldehyde and PAN seem to be minor as emissions are relatively 
low compared to other sources and as they can be efficiently removed by a vehicle’s catalytic converter. 
References 
1.
Isaeva A.U., Dayrabaeva A.Zh., Zhaksybek K.K
The influence of pesticides on soil micro-
organisms, ТМНПК «Ауэзовские чтения – 18: к 175-летию Абая Кунанбаева Шымкент:ЮКГУ им. 
М.Ауэзова 2020, C. 133-139. 
2.
Dairabaeva A., Abduova A., Dusenova S. , Askerbekova A. Momin Saya Optimization and 
organization agrolandscapes sustainable agroecosystems.: Materiály XVI Mezinárodní vĕdecko-praktická 
konference «Zprávy výdecké ideje - 2020», Volume 5: Praha. Publishing House «Education and Science» -
7-9 s. 


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