Филологические науки
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10-9-PB
| Introduction:
Societies can differ markedly in their systems of thought. This evidence concerns a comparison of the societies, philosophical orientations, and scientific outlooks of these highly sophisticated cultures: those of ancient China and Greece where the social and cognitive differences were related. Sociocognitive homostatic systems There is substantial evidence to indicate that Easterners are not concerned with contradiction in the same way as are Westerners. They have a greater preference for compromise solutions and holistic arguments. They are more willing to move their beliefs in the direction of an argument, even when it is the weak one. Finally, when asked to justify their choices, they seem to more to compromise, choose the “middle way” instead of referring to a dominating principle. The cause of different thinking 1. The origin of Sociocognition Systems Chinese civilization was based on agriculture, which entailed that substantial cooperation with neighbors was necessary to carry out economic activities in an effective way. China was organized at the level of the large state very early on, and society was complex and hierarchical [3]. The Emperor and the bureaucracy were everpresent controlling factors in the lives of individual Chinese [4]. Harmony and social order were thus central to Chinese society. Such economic and social arrangements generally associated with “collective” or “interdependent” social orientations as distinguished from “individualistic” or” independent” social orientations that are characteristic of societies with economies based on hunting, fishing, trading or the modern market economy. In contrast, the Greek economy was not completely dependent on agriculture [5]. The sort of ecology was more suited to herding and fishing than to largescale agriculture. The sense of personal agency could have been the natural response to the genuine freedom that they experience in their less socially complex society. The politically decentralized Greek cities also provided great scope of action as compared to Chinese cities. Greeks who wished to leave one city for another were free to do so: the sea provided an escape route for dissidents. ISSN 2411-8745 Number 1 (2016), 244 - 248 ИзвестИя КазУМОиМя серия «ФИЛОЛОГИЧесКИе НАУКИ» 246 In addition, Greeks were involved in trade of one of the crossroads of the world. Thus they would have had plenty to pique their curiosity and much to discuss. The nature of social relations meant that debate would have posed few interpersonal risks and the authority structure of the city state was too weak to prevent the free expression of opinion. Indeed for Athens and other city states debate was an integral part of the political system. During the Renaissance, the West recapitulated some of the Greek social forms and intellectual tradition, including the rediscovery of science. The invention of the printing press greatly enhanced the conditions of freedom of thought. Ironically, though the Chinese invented movable type before the Europeans did, it was suppressed in China, on the quite correct grounds that the authority of the government would be undermined by it. The stronger social network might produce a more holistic orientation to the world and the type of activity also creates holistic orientation. The farmers in a number of societies are more field dependent that hunters, herders or industrialized people. The systems of though exist in homeostasis with the social practices that surround them (Table 1). The both of these types of thinking exist in people’s consciousness, but each gains more priority or becomes more preferable because of different circumstances or requirements of society and social components. Earlier we say that human activity influences on creation of way of thinking and such activities as fishing, hunting, trading and also modern business and capitalistic market create analytic thinking, so skills of analytic thinking are more adaptive and preferable for modern life. And then the Westerners can be more competitive in new conditions of Global market. Therefore, some Eastern countries find a good solution in interpretation and blending of two types of thinking. The case of Japan If we look at Japanese “economic miracle” we can see that they can balance between two different social cognitive systems. They demonstrated that social, political and economic revolution made the Revolution of social consciousness. And the result of this revolution was not disappearance of holistic thinking, but combination of two types of thinking with priority of holistic thinking. ISSN 2411-8745 Number 1 (2016), 244 - 248 ҚазХҚжӘТУ ХАБАРШЫСЫ «ФИЛОЛОГИЯ ҒЫЛЫМДАРЫ» сериясы 247 Table 1 The systems of though exist in homeostasis with the social practices жүктеу/скачать 1,6 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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