Учебное пособие для специальностей «Переводческое дело» и«Иностранный язык: два иностранных языка»

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1.
Interrogative constructions can be made without inversion: 
What you would 
like to drink? 
2.
One
is used rather than the indefinite article: 
He gave me one apple.
3.
Reduplication is often used for emphasis and to indicate a distributive 
meaning:
I bought some small small things.
Why you don’t give them one one piece of cake?
4.
Yes
and 
no
are often used as question tags: 
She is reading, yes? He was 
helping you, no?
5.
Isn’t it?
is often used as a generalized question tag in all tenses: 
They are 
sending it tomorrow, isn’t it? 
6.
Present perfect can be used instead of past simple: 
I have bought the car 
yesterday.
 
§4. Vocabulary 
Borrowings began to enter Indian English regularly and in large numbers 
starting from the 17
th
c. In the course of time many of these borrowings spread 
outside India and entered word-stocks of other variants of the English language. 
Among the most productive sources of borrowing were Portuguese, Sanskrit, Hindi, 
Bengali, Arabic and other languages that were spoken on the territory of India. Below 
are given some examples. 
1.
Words from Portuguese: 
caste
(a religious class), 
almirah
(a cupboard or a 
wardrobe), 
peon
(a worker) and from local languages through Portuguese: 
bamboo, 
curry, mango
. 
2.
Words from indigenous languages, such as Hindi and Bengali: 
bungalow,
cheetah, chintz
(a printed calico from India), 
pundit
(a priest), 
rupee
(Indian monetary 
unit), 
mulligatawny
(Indian chicken soup), 
sahib 
(sir), 
basmati
(a kind of rice), 
masala
(spices), 
Sri/Shri/Shree
(Mr), 
Srmati/Shrimati/Shreemati
(Mrs).
3.
Words from Arabic and Persian through north Indian languages: 
vakeel/vakil
– a lawyer, 
mogul
– a Muslim prince (in the general language – an important person), 
sepoy
– a soldier in the British Indian Army; 
zamindar
– a landlord.
4.
Words taken directly from Sanskrit, usually with philosophical and religious 
associations, some wide-spread, some restricted to specific contexts such as yoga, 
e.g.: 
ananda
– spiritual bliss, 
ahimsa 
– nonviolence, 
chakra
– a mystical centre of 
energy in the body, 
yoga
– a system of self-development, 
yogi
– one who is engaged 
in yoga,
 guru 
– a spiritual teacher.
IndE is rich in hybrids, that is words and expressions in which one component is 
taken from English and one from a local language, often Hindi. E.g. 
‘policewala’
– a 
policeman, 
‘kaccha road’
– a mud road, 
‘swadeshi cloth’
– homemade cloth.

159 

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