ISSN 1811-184X. Вестник ПГУ
серия
ХИМИКО - БИОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ. 2014. № 1
16
17
and anions. In comparison with traditional inorganic acid salts amide acids have
distinctive features that are reflected in their composition and structure, this type
of complex salts, composed mainly of protonated cations and anions, in addition,
to the composition of amide acids can enter unprotonated molecules of amides,
associated with the cations and anions by system of hydrogen bonds.
The basic question in the interaction of amides with the protonic acids has
long been a question is, a nitrogen atom or an oxygen atom is responsible for the
basic properties of the amide group and, consequently, is the center of protonation
with amide acidic interactions. Now it is known that in the interaction with strong
acids, amides are protonated by an oxygen atom both in the dilute and concentrated
solutions of acid [5]. Possibility of formation of N-conjugate acid also continues
to be regarded, particularly for dilute and mid concentrated acidic solutions of
amides [6].
The aim of this study was to determine by means of quantum-chemical
semiempirical calculation by the PM3 method of geometrical parameters of the
protonated and unprotonated amide compounds in order to identify possible changes.
In Figures 1 and 2 illustrated schemes of the reaction of protonation of
acetamide on example of formation of acetamide hydrochloride molecule.
Figure 1 - Scheme of the reaction of O-protonation
of molecule of acetamide
Figure 2 - Scheme of the reaction of N-protonation
of molecule of acetamide
In Tables 1-3 show the geometrical parameters investigated coordination
compounds of zinc (Me-O bond), both the unprotonated (in a molar ratio of metal salt:
acetamide - 1: 1) and the protonated amino groups on the N atom of amino groups
of the acetamide (in a molar ratio of metal salt: acetamide: inorganic acid - 1: 1: 1).
At the same time, in salts of zinc and beryllium undergoes substantial changes
in length of the C = O bond. In bromide and zinc nitrate is observed shortening of
this interatomic distance (on 0,0069 nm and 0,0056 nm), which can be explained
by protonation occurring at the nitrogen atom of the amino group with the length of
bonds between the proton and the acid anion practically remains unchanged (0,1881
and 0,0980 nm). The greatest decrease C = O in comparison with unprotonated
compound observed in ZnBr
2
· CH
3
CONH
2
· HBr to 0,1204 nm, and the shortest
distance N-H
+
0,1048 nm.
Table 1 – Geometric parameters of complex compounds (Ме-О) of salts of zinc
and beryllium with acetamide (1:1), (1:1:1)
Compound
r C=O,
нм
r C–N,
нм
r N–H,
нм
r N–H
+
,
нм
r H–А
-
,
нм
r C–C,
нм
r О
а
–Ме,
нм
r Ме–O
к
,
(Br, Cl)
нм
ZnBr
2
·CH
3
CONH
2
0,1273 0,1364 0,0992
0,0990
-
-
0,1494 0,2043
0,2169
0,2222
ZnBr
2
·CH
3
CONH
2
·HBr
0,1204 0,1532 0,1006
0,1007
0,1048 0,1881 0,1433 0,6070
0,2138
0,2309
Zn(NO
3
)
2
·CH
3
CONH
2
0,1273 0,1361 0,0991
0,1011
-
-
0,1506 0,2040
0,1935
0,1909
Zn(NO
3
)
2
·CH
3
CONH
2
·НNO
3
0,1217 0,1449 0,1001
0,0998
0,1787 0,0980 0,1502 0,6229
0,2211
0,2209
ВеBr
2
·CH
3
CONH
2
0,1280 0,1348 0,1024
0,0993
-
-
0,1499 0,1557
0,2043
0,1896
ВеBr
2
·CH
3
CONH
2
·HBr
0,1282 0,1360 0,1002
0,0992
0,4658 0,1475 0,1498 0,1579
0,1961
0,1882
Ве(NO
3
)
2
·CH
3
CONH
2
0,1269 0,1374 0,1016
0,0993
-
-
0,1500 0,1640
0,1564
0,1567
Ве(NO
3
)
2
·CH
3
CONH
2
·НNO
3
0,1291 0,1485 0,1017
0,1002
0,1014 0,3484 0,1488 0,1606
0,1674
0,1674
Comparison of the lengths of the C-N shows the following. In acetamide
complexes of bromide and zinc nitrate considerably increases the value of the
named parameter as compared with that characteristic for the initial molecules
(on 0,0168 nm and 0,0088 nm, respectively), thus it is ZnBr
2
·CH
3
CONH
2
·HBr
and Zn(NO
3
)
2
·CH
3
CONH
2
·HNO
3
characterized by the lowest exponent r N-H
+
:
0,1048 and 0,1787 nm.
Analysis of the results of quantum-chemical research in molecules of
acetamide complexes of zinc salts showed that the shortest donor-acceptor bond
N-H
+
is formed in ZnBr
2
·CH
3
CONH
2
·HBr (0,1014 nm), in comparison with other
complex protonated compounds, with the length C-N bond to a greater degree is
|