Cred enti als (a letter of credence) is a formal paper from the head of one state to the head of
another accrediting an Ambassador, Minister, or other dimplomatic agents as one aut horized
to act for his government or Head of State.
Presentation of credentials is a complex affair. When a copy of credentials of a new Head of
Mission has been examined and found correct in substance as well as in form, the Protocol
Office will, in accordance with local custom, arrange an appointment for the new Head of
Mission with the Head of the State (e.g. the President) for delivery of the credentials.
The reception by the President of an appointed Ambassador (or a Minister Plenipotentiary)
constitutes official recognition of this representative. The Protocol Office handles the
ceremonial, i.e., composition and order of the procession, which may include an escort,
military honors, and exchange of remarks.
All Heads of Mission are received by the Head of State, in the order of their arrival in the
capital (Vienna Convention, Art. 13). Business suit or national dress is worn on this
occasion. From this moment, the Head of Mission enjoys diplomatic status with all its
accompanying immunities and prerogati ves. He takes rank on the diplomatic list as from the
day and hour he presented his credentials (Vienna Convention, Art. 16).
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