Reading motivation, practices and metacognition 25. Individuals’ reading practices, motivation and attitudes towards reading, as well as an
awareness of how effective reading strategies are, play a prominent role in reading. Students who
read more frequently, be it with print or on-screen, who are interested in reading, who feel
themselves confident in their reading abilities and who know well which strategies to use, for
instance, to summarise a text or search information on Internet, tend to be more proficient in
reading. Moreover, if practices, motivation, and metacognition deserve close attention, it is not only
because they are potential predictors of reading achievement and growth, it is also because they
can be considered important goals or outcomes of education, potentially driving life-long learning.
Furthermore, they are malleable variables, amenable to change. For instance, there is strong
evidence that reading engagement and metacognition (awareness of strategies) can be enhanced
through teaching and supportive classroom practices (Brozo & Simpson, 2007; Guthrie, Wigfield, &
You, 2012; Guthrie, Ho, & Klauda, 2013; Reeve, 2012). Reading motivation, practices and
metacognition are briefly discussed in the reading literacy framework since they are critical factors
of reading, although they are assessed in the questionnaire and are covered in more detail in the
questionnaire framework.
The structure of the reading literacy framework 26. Having addressed what is meant by the term “reading literacy” in PISA and introduced the
importance of reading literacy in today’s society in this introduction, the remainder of the framework
is organised as follows. The second section defines reading literacy and elaborates on various
phrases that are used in the reading framework, along with the assumptions underlying the use of
these words. The third section focuses on the organisation of the domain of reading literacy and
discusses the characteristics that will be represented in the tasks included in the PISA 2018
assessment. The fourth section discusses some of the operational aspects of the assessment and
how it will be measured as well as presenting sample items. Finally, the last section describes how
the reading literacy data will be summarised and outlines plans for reporting.