Тілтаным языкознание
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ТІЛТАНЫМ-2017-3
| Methodology
The method of research is a qualitative one; the semantic and structural analysis of idioms is based on elicitation and intuition; the semantic distribution of idiom compo- nents are identified and the meaning of components of color are interpreted. Each lexical unit has some background information which is historically, culturally and logically justified. The Kazakh idioms with corresponding components are examined and analyzed by means of the method which I conventionally called «semantic break-down of idioms». The meaning of an idiom is traditionally considered to be not derived from the meaning of its components. At the same time, the semantic structure of idioms cannot be strictly monolithic; the links between components can be loose enough to determine the contribution of each component to the idiom’s semantics. This feature of idioms found its realization in different classifications, one of which I consider to be the most appropriate for the present research – the classification by Gibbs (1994). He focuses on degrees of idioms’ analyzability ranging from decomposable to non-decomposable ones and divides idioms into three groups: i) decomposable idioms a part of which is used literally (e.g., ‘lip’ in ‘button your lip’); ii) abnormally decomposable idioms components of which are connected to their referents by a metaphor (e.g., ‘hit the panic button’); iii) non-decomposable idioms the meaning of which is in no way derived from the meaning of their components (e.g., ‘kick the bucket’). The two latter ones could be eligible to semantic break-down analysis of components. The mechanism of analysis can be demonstrated in the following examples: the Kazakh idioms with a color component of Қара ‘black’ is conceptualized as BAD, e.g., Қаратізім [ķara tizim] lit. a black list, i.e., to be blacklisted. A ‘list’ component has a neutral meaning, and a negative connotation is assigned by the word Қара ‘black’. Ақ‘white’ has an opposite to Қара ‘black’ connotation of GOOD, e.g., Aқниет [aķ niet] lit. white wish, fig. open-hearted, unsophisticated. Similarly, a ‘wish’ component has a neutral derivation but in combination with Aқ ‘white’ color term it obtains a positive meaning. A term Ала[ala] ‘multicoloured’ has no clear colour designation; it bears the notion of changeability and instability characteristic tonature: colours change throughout the day following the sun ‘walk’ from rise to set. The concept of instability has also been attached to a human’s behaviour, mood and intention - from kind to evil, from right to wrong, e.g., Алаболды [ala boldї] lit. to become multicoloured, fig. to get quarrelled, to break up. In other words, the meaning of Аla denotes a sudden change of state of a person or weather to a worsened one. The colour designating term Ала holds a negative А.Байтұрсынұлы атындағы Тіл білімі институтының «Тілтаным» журналы. 2017. №3 80 connotation, whileболды ‘to become’ component just states the act without attaching any connotation to it. жүктеу/скачать 1,33 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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