Some important tips to the guests

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4. There is one question I’d like to ask …
5. I’m afraid I didn’t get the last point. Could you go over it once again, please? 
6. I’m afraid it’s not clear enough. Could you explain it once again? 
UNIT 7. BRANCHES OF LAW IN THE UK
 
TEXT 1 
 
Labour Law 
 
Vocabulary 
1. legal rights – законные права 
2. trade union – профсоюз 
3. branches of law – отрасли права 
4. conditions of work – условия труда 
5. social security – социальная защита, обеспечение 
6. disability insurance – страховка на случай нетрудоспособности 
7. welfare – благосостояние 
8. provisions – положения, условия 
9. to negotiate an agreement – договариваться об условиях 
10. favourable – благоприятный 
11. restrictions – ограничение 
12. grievance - жалоба, трудовой конфликт 
13. dismissal – увольнение, отставка 
1. Прочитайте и переведите текст, ответьте на вопросы. 
1. How can you define the term “labour law”? 
2. What does labour law deal with? 
3. What does labour law govern? 
4. Why is this branch of law so important? 
5. What are the main elements of labour law? 
6. How do you understand the expression “custom and practice agreement”? 
7. What is the main function of trade unions? 
8. What does the written statement from the employer describe? 
Labour Law is the body of laws, administrative rulings, and precedents which address the legal rights 
of, and restrictions on, working people and their organizations. As such it mediates many aspects of 
the relationship between trade unions and employers. Out of all different branches of law, this one 
deals with the terms and conditions of work, and disputes regarding employment of labour. This is a 
set of rulings and regulations that govern the relationship and terms between employers and 
employees.
In its most comprehensive sense the term includes social security and disability insurance as well. In 
addition to the individual contractual relationships growing out of the traditional employment 
situation, labour law deals with the statutory requirements and collective relationships that are 
increasingly important in mass-production societies, the legal relationships between organized 
economic interests and the state, and the various rights and obligations related to some types of social 
services. 
The basic subject matter of labour law can be considered under nine broad heads: employment; 
individual employment relationships; wages and remuneration; conditions of work; health, safety, and 
welfare; social security; trade unions and industrial relations; the administration of labour law; and 

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special provisions for particular occupational or other groups. There are special rules about the 
employment of children and young people. 
Your rights at work will depend on:

your statutory rights and 

your contract of employment. 
Statutory rights are legal rights based on laws passed by Parliament. 
Nearly all workers, regardless of the number of hours per week they work, have certain legal rights. 
The contract of employment is the agreement made between the employer and the employee. This 
could be in the form of a written agreement or what has been agreed verbally between them. In 
addition, the contract of employment will also include “custom and practice” agreements. These are 
how things are usually done in the workplace, for example, if the employer always gives the 
employees a day’s holiday in August. Even though this is not mentioned in the written contract this 
will form part of the contract of employment as it is usual practice. If the written contract says one 
thing, but in practice all the employees have been doing something else with the employer’s 
knowledge and agreement, the “custom and practice” would form the contract rather than the written 
statement. 
A trade union may have negotiated an agreement with an employer about conditions at work. The 
negotiated agreement will often form part of a contract of employment, particularly if the conditions 
are more favourable than the previous ones. One of the main functions of trade unions is to protect the 
rights of workers. 
All workers, regardless of the number of hours they work per week, are entitled to receive a written 
statement from their employer, within two months of starting work. The statement describes the main 
terms of the contract of employment. The statement must give details about: job title, wages and hours 
of work, sick pay, pension schemes, holiday entitlement, grievance, dismissal and disciplinary 
procedure and so on. 

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