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9. termination of the treaty – прекращение действия договора 
10. accession – присоединение (к международному договору) 
11. seal – печать 
12. to clarify – прояснять 
13. to be authentic – зд. быть основным 
14. mutual relations – взаимоотношения 
15. to conclude a treaty – заключить договор 
16. to distinguish between – делать различие между 
1. Прочитайте и переведите текст. 
Over the past centuries, state practice has developed a variety of terms to refer to international 
instruments by which states establish rights and obligations among themselves. "Treaty" is the most 
common title of an international agreement but the following are also used: convention, act, general 
act, protocol, agreement, modus vivendi, concordance, charter, declaration, and compromise. Although 
there is no officially correct form, treaties generally comprise four parts: the title, the preamble, the 
main body, and the final part. 
a. Title: A description of the type of treaty and the subject matter, the title often also includes the 
names of the contracting parties. Treaties concluded in simplified form do not usually have titles. 
b. Preamble: Following the title and serving as an introduction, the preamble states the reasons 
for the treaty, the names of the negotiating representatives, and the authority with which the 
representative is cloaked. 
c. Main body: This sets forth the rights and obligations of the parties. 
d. Final part: The final part comprises the provisions setting forth the guidelines for entry into 
force, termination of the treaty, revisions, accessions, reservation, publication, and languages in which 
the text will be written. The treaty finally concludes with the date and place of conclusion and the 
signatures and seals of the contracting parties. 
Language: There is no universal rule as to what language or what number of languages must be 
utilized for the text of the treaty. Rather, the language of the treaty is selected by the contracting 
parties. When a treaty is published in more than one language, the treaty itself should clarify which 
text is to be the authentic and authoritative one. 
Although these instruments differ from each other by title, they all have common features and 
international law has applied basically the same rules to all of these instruments. These rules are the 
result of long practice among the States, which have accepted them as binding norms in their mutual 
relations. Therefore, they are regarded as international customary law. Since there was a general desire 
to codify these customary rules, two international conventions were negotiated. The 1969 Vienna 
Convention on the Law of Treaties ("1969 Vienna Convention"), which entered into force on 27 
January 1980, contains rules for treaties concluded between States. The 1986 Vienna Convention on 
the Law of Treaties between States and International Organizations or between International 
Organizations ("1986 Vienna Convention"), which has still not entered into force, added rules for 
treaties with international organizations as parties. Both the 1969 Vienna Convention and the 1986 
Vienna Convention do not distinguish between the different designations of these instruments. Instead, 
their rules apply to all of those instruments as long as they meet certain common requirements. 
The Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties defines a treaty as "an international agreement 
concluded between States in written form and governed by international law, whether embodied in a 
single instrument, or in two or more related instruments and whatever its particular designation." 

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