DEVELOPMENT ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY INCREASED FOOD PRODUCTS
Nabiyeva Zh.S., PhD, Kizatova M.Zh., d.t.s.
Almaty Technological University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
-mail.ru: atu_nabiyeva@mail.ru
Nowadays, the majority of the population, even in developed countries, suffering from the consequen-
ces associated with a deficiency in the diet full of protein, dietary fiber, vitamins, calcium, iron, iodine and
other essential nutrients.
According to data of Statistics Agency of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 35-40% of the population lives
in areas of ecological trouble. With the proportion of dietary products is 0.13%, while the share of fortified
flour products - 0.33% [1]. In the structure of food of the population there is a shortage of essential biolo-
gically active substances, dietary fiber. At the same time, the population of the country there is a need to
unique Kazakh food directional with low cost.
Antioxidant activity - an extremely important factor that can reduce the impact of a variety of negative
factors - bad environment, air and water pollution, UV radiation, extreme temperatures, the action of patho-
genic microorganisms, stress, etc. For human risk factors - smoking, poor diet, stress. Reduced antioxidant
status of the body can lower the immune system, and lead to the development of many pathological processes
that cause premature aging. Under the action of antioxidants interrupted chain of oxidative reactions that
damage cells [2-8].
In this regard, the problem of developing long-tern storage products with enhanced antioxidant activity
using corn is topical.
In the Republic of Kazakhstan focuses on increasing grain production of maize, which is the gross
harvest of today more than 1000 tons, including 68% of the total production comes from the Almaty region.
In this regard, the Almaty Technological University conducted research to develop foods with high
antioxidant activity, based on highly nutritious corn domestic breeding.
Problem solving production from germinated legume crops studied by scientists abroad, the Republic of
Kazakhstan: Wigmor A., Kazakov E.D., Kozmina N.S., Romanov A.S., Shaskolskyi V.V. Shaskolskaya N.D.,
Shatalova G.S., Kulazhanov T.K., Vitavskaya A.V., Iztaev A.I., Kizatova M.Zh., Tnymbaeva B.T. and etc.
The influence of the modes of germination changes in the concentration of antioxidants have been
studied for the first time and is of great scientific and practical interest.
The thesis is performed as part of the innovation grant for 2012-2014, the National Agency for
Technological Development of the Republic of Kazakhstan on the project number 471 on "Development and
implementation of innovative long-storage therapeutic and prophylactic purposes based on domestic raw
materials."
For prospective studies were selected sprouted corn hybrids with increased antioxidant and biological
activity as a key component in the development of long-tern storage products.
The aim of the research is to develop products with high antioxidant activity directional long-term
storage based on corn sprouts.
Scientific novelty of the research:
- determined the antioxidant activity of corn before and after germination;
- Studied indicators of quality of raw materials before and after treatment processes;
- Optimal germination modes based on experimental analysis and mathematical processing of the
results of research to improve the antioxidant activity and biological value of corn;
- The compounding long-term storage products based on corn germinated and biologically valuable
plant components;
- On the basis of changes in the number of antioxidants sets deadlines for safe storage of products
developed in the laboratory;
- First time determined the composition of natural antioxidants and phytosterols in the initial sprouts
of corn, causing its high biological value and safety;
- Held to develop experimental batches of products developed under production conditions on the LP
SPC "Ekofud", LLP FC "ROMAT" and the terms of their safe storage;
- developed the normative document for new types of products.
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Field of application. The developed long-term storage products - biotalkans "Antidiabet", "For
improving vision", "For the prevention of cardiovascular disease", crispy bread "For schoolchildren", flavor
spice "Densaulyk", hematogen new generation can be used as directional products and wide consumption of
different group of the population.
Technologies developed food fortification useful substances can be used at factories producing
national food concentrates, baby food, to enrich the diet working in hazardous working conditions and living
in environmentally disadvantaged areas.
REFERENCES
1.
ϡϴϵϼϹ϶ϴ Ϛғϥғ, ϞϼϻϴІЂ϶ϴ ϠғϚғ, ϖϼІϴ϶ЅϾϴГ ϔғϖғ ϔЁІϼЂϾЅϼϸϴЁІЁϴГ ϴϾІϼ϶ЁЂЅІА ЄϴЅІϼІϹϿАЁЂϷЂ
ЅЏЄАГ ϾϴϾ ЃЂϾϴϻϴІϹϿА ЃЂІЄϹϵϼІϹϿАЅϾϼЉ Ѕ϶ЂϽЅІ϶ ЃЄЂϸЇϾІЂ϶ ЃϼІϴЁϼГ ЁЂ϶ЂϷЂ ЃЂϾЂϿϹЁϼГ //ϦϹϻғ
«ϦϹЉЁϼЋϹЅϾϼϹ ЁϴЇϾϼ – ЂІ ІϹЂЄϼϼ Ͼ ЃЄϴϾІϼϾϹ»ұ ЀϴІϹЄϼϴϿЏ Iϩ ϠϹϺϸЇЁϴЄЂϸЁЂϽ ϻϴЂЋЁЂϽ ЁϴЇЋЁЂ-
ЃЄϴϾІϼЋϹЅϾЂϽ ϾЂЁЈϹЄϹЁЊϼϼ.- ϡЂ϶ЂЅϼϵϼЄЅϾ, қ0Ққғ- ϥғ Қ0Қ-106.
2. Birben E., Sahiner U.M., Sackesen C., Erzurum S.,
KКХКЇМТ O. OЉТНКЭТЯО ЬЭЫОЬЬ КЧН КЧЭТШЉТНКЧЭ
defense //World
ӘХХОЫРЇ Organization Journal.- 2012.- Vol.5, №Ұғ- P. 9-19.
3. Haddad E.H., Gaban-Chong
Nғ, OНК Kғ, SКЛКЭц Jғ Effect of a walnut meal on postprandial oxidative
stress and antioxidants in healthy individuals //Nutrition Journal.- 2014. - Vol.13,
№Қ.- Ϥғ 4.
4. Li X.Y., Gilmour P.S., Donaldson K., MacNee W.
FЫОО ЫКНТМКХ КМЭТЯТЭЇ КЧН ЩЫШ-ТЧПХКЦЦКЭШЫЇ ОППОМЭЬ ШП
ЩКЫЭТМЮХКЭО КТЫ ЩШХХЮЭТШЧ (PMҚ0) ТЧ ЯТЯШ КЧН ТЧ ЯТЭЫШ// TСШЫКЉғ - 1996. – Vol.51, №Ққ. – P. 1216-1222.
5. Parasuraman S., Maithili K.S
ӘЧЭТШЉТНКЧЭ КЧН НЫЮР ЦОЭКЛШХТЬЦ// FЫОО RКНТМКХЬ КЧН ӘЧЭТШЉТНКЧЭЬ.-
2014.
– Vol.4 , №Қғ– P. 1-2.
6. Etsuo N.
ӛШ ПЫОО ЫКНТМКХЬ ЩХКЇ МКЮЬКХ ЫШХО ТЧ КЭСОЫШЬМХОЫШЬТЬ? LШа НОЧЬТЭЇ ХТЩШЩЫШЭОТЧ ШЉТНКЭТШЧ КЧН
vitamin E revisited
//JШЮЫЧКХ ШП ӚХТЧТМКХ әТШМСОЦТЬЭЫЇ КЧН NЮЭЫТЭТШЧғ - 2011. – Vol.48, №1. – P. 3-7.
7. Jirovetz L., Buchbauer G., Stoilova I., Krastanov A., Stoyanova A., Schmidt E. Spice plants:
chemical composition and antioxidant properties of Pimenta Lindl. essential oils, part 1: Pimenta dioica (L.)
Merr. leaf oil from Jamaica //Nutrition-Vienna-.
– 2007. – VШХғ γҚ, №қғ – P. 55-62.
8. Jirovetz L., Buchbauer G., Stoilova I., Krastanov A., Stoyanova A., Schmidt E. Spice plants:
Chemical composition and antioxidant properties of Pimenta Lindl. essential oils, part 2: Pimenta racemosa
(Mill.) JW Moore leaf oil from Jamaica //Nutrition-Vienna-.
– 2007. – VШХғ γҚ, №Ү/үғ – P. 293-300.
UDC 620
TECHNOLOGY TO SUPPORT THE FOOD INDUSTRY FOR SUSTAINABILITY, BETTER
FOOD SAFETY AND WASTE MANAGEMENT
Fuschi,D. PhD, Bridging Consulting Ltd, UK, Aktas,E. PhD, Cranfield University, UK,
-mail.ru: d.fuschi@bridgingconsulting.com, emel.aktas@cranfield.ac.uk
Every day vast quantity of valuable resources is wasted. According to the Institution of Mechanical
Engineers, it is estimated that
―γ0–50% (or 1.2–2 billion tonnes) of all food produced on the planet is lost
before reaching a
СЮЦКЧ ЬЭШЦКМС‖ [1]. This would, per se, be a major problem but in reality it is just a facet
of the resource consumption and global pressure on the environment we are presently experiencing.
In the context of a major economic recession and a growing pressure on a progressively reducing set
of resources, it is necessary to find and exploit novel business models and resource usage and recycle proce-
dures that will substantially contribute to the sustainability of the present quality of life level in advanced
countries and possibly extend the benefit of welfare and decent living also to deprived communities and
disadvantaged countries.
We thought that it was time to start putting the knowledge and experience accumulated in logistics and
supply chain with those of material science and printing technology to tackle the problem. The idea was
ambitious and funding not easily accessible, so we had to think of a viable way to make this research
objective become a reality.
The opportunity came via the Qatar National Research Fund (QNRF) who approved the SAFE-Q
project. SAFE-Q intends to support the Qatari efforts to implement the Qatar National Vision 2030 focusing
101
on the long term sustainability of food supply chain, including its green aspects, and interconnection of these
КЬЩОМЭЬ аТЭС ЭСО ЩШЩЮХКЭТШЧ’Ь СОКХЭС КЧН ЧКЭТШЧКХ ОЧЯТЫШЧЦОЧЭКХ КЧН ОМШЧШЦТМ НОЯОХШЩЦОЧЭғ
The project was the starting point and although it does not cover all aspects it has enabled us to initiate
a pathway to address and solve the main logistic and technology aspects that presently limit the effectiveness
and efficiency of the food production and distribution chain.
SAFE-Q investigate, develop, design, construct and evaluate a range of operational models that will
allow implementing Qatari policies relating to food security and environmental sustainability (i.e. the Qatar
National Food Security Programme (QNFSP) building on research already carried out in Qatar, Europe and
world-wide by means of liaising with the relevant actors and stakeholders).
It is worth mentioning that Qatar National Vision 2030 embed many ideas and principles that are valid
in absolute and not restraint to apply to Qatar only. This is for us a very important aspect as it has allowed us
to further the process by applying to the British Council - Newton Al Farabi fund for a further project, this
time based in Kazakhstan.
SAFE-Q has developed a repository of food security-based operational models to inform policy
implementation grounded within the national priorities, to assist policy and decision makers in the field of
distribution and consumption of food, and management of waste in the food supply chain (i.e. accessibility,
availability and utilisation of food, and stability of all these). SAFE-Q proposes a three stage methodology
composed of problem structuring, operational modelling and generating a repository for risk assessment for
implementation of the policies developed by the QNFSP detailed hereafter.
STAGE 1: Structuring the Food Security Context (Problem Structuring)- A systematic study
of the historical data collected by Qatari authorities and data published by international institutions and
NGOs such as the World Bank or the FAO on agriculture, food and environment. These data will constitute
the policy implementation variables.
STAGE 2: Developing Models and Simulations (Operational Modelling) - A stakeholder
analysis in relation to policies on food security and environmental sustainability of food supply chains
followed by the engagement of the stakeholders (experts from government, industry and academia as well as
consumer groups) in sharing their opinions about the relevant policy implementation variables identified in
the first stage using causal maps to capture the knowledge, expertise and assumptions of the system and to
understand the behaviour of the system.
STAGE 3: Generating a Repository for Risk Assessment - Afocused development using the
causal maps (and simulations based on them) to synthesise conclusions on actual and anticipated bottlenecks
and system risks (environmental, social and economic), and propose areas and measures that should be
prioritised to improve future prosperity.
Source: Environment Agency-Abu Dhabi, 2013; EcoMENA; FAO, 2012
These activities and the related results are the basis on which we have been able to conceive SMART-
PACK. This newly proposed project (still awaiting approval), has the potential to allow food producers (in
particular meat, milk and meat-/milk-derivatives) to monitor product status, preservation and remaining shelf
life for the user and the retailer/logistic operator by active labels components produced directly in the label
printing process and exploiting unique characteristics of the packaging material that will be able to visually
signal the exposition to breaks in the cold chain, time to exposure to light and external agents, presence of
102
bacterial charge in the product, level of acidity/alkalinity of the package content as well as allow easier
traceability thanks to embedded RFID. The planned approach will contribute to the minimization of waste
generation and food spoilage within Kazakhstan which presently is estimated being within the meat supply
chain at 14% for meat production, >30% for milk, 50% for cereals, and ~30% for oilseeds.
The future planned work is to extend the proposed approach towards the whole sector of waste
management and circular economy. The concept has already been developed and named Waste to Wealth
(W2W). The aim isto dramatically improve the waste management arena and provide a novel and sustainable
model for addressing both the needs of the society in terms of waste management and access to resources, as
well as tackle certain aspects of modern urban poverty and social distress.
The project concept is very simple: exploit wasted resources for the benefit of the society and in
particular of those communities that presently use waste as a resource as they cannot access to better ones. In
this respect, the idea is to transition such c
ШЦЦЮЧТЭТОЬ ПЫШЦ К МШЧНТЭТШЧ ШП ―PКЫТКС‖ ЭШ ЭСО МШЧНТЭТШЧ ШП
regular workers engaged in the recycling industry actively engaged in the recovery energy and resources thus
altogether benefiting the community as a whole and the disadvantaged individuals as well.
The project willdevelop the technology and infrastructure needed for recycling and develop a
supportive infrastructure for compost generation, and the exploitation of bio-mas, exhausted oil recycling,
etc. for energy production. Finally, develop a specifically designed awareness campaign aimed at informing
the society at large of the initiative.In practical terms the project will allow to:
address a major environmental issue (waste management),
better the conditions of people living in disadvantaged areas,
allow recovering/producing significant resources and energy,
generate a local integrated eco-system where waste is turned both into a resource and a
source of work,
prove that recuperated resources are a viable approach for addressing several socio-economic
problems including work scarcity.
REFERENCES
1. Global food waste not, WANT NOT
– January 2013, retrieved at http://www.imeche.org/docs/
default-source/reports/Global_Food_Report.pdf
ϧϘϞ 664ғ66
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,
-mail.ru: dinara.shansharova@mail.ru,
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ЂЃЄϹϸϹϿГВЍϼЉ ϻϸЂЄЂ϶АϹ ЁϴЊϼϼғ ϘϿГ ЃЄϼϷЂІЂ϶ϿϹЁϼГ ϵЂϿАЌЂϷЂ ϾЂϿϼЋϹЅІ϶ϴ ЄϴϻЁЂЂϵЄϴϻЁЏЉ ЃϼЍϹ϶ЏЉ
ЃЄЂϸЇϾІЂ϶ ϼЅЉЂϸЁЏЀ ЅЏЄАϹЀ ЅϿЇϺϴІ ЅϹЀϹЁϴ ЄϴЅІϹЁϼϽ, ЁϴЉЂϸГЍϼϹЅГ ϶ ЅЂЅІЂГЁϼϼ ЃЂϾЂГғ ϧЅІϴЁЂ϶ϿϹЁЂ,
ЋІЂ ЃЄЂЄЂЍϹЁЁЏϹ ϻϹЄЁϴ - БІЂ ЁϴІЇЄϴϿАЁЏϽ ЃЄϼЄЂϸЁЏϽ ЃЄЂϸЇϾІғ ϖЅϹ ЃЂϿϹϻЁЏϹ ϶ϹЍϹЅІ϶ϴ ЁϴЉЂϸГІЅГ ϶
ЁϼЉ ϶ ϹЅІϹЅІ϶ϹЁЁЏЉ ЅϵϴϿϴЁЅϼЄЂ϶ϴЁЁЏЉ ϾЂϿϼЋϹЅІ϶ϴЉ ϼ ЅЂЋϹІϴЁϼГЉ ДҚЖғ
ϢЅЁЂ϶ЁϴГ ЃЂϿАϻϴ ЃЄЂЄЂЍϹЁЁЏЉ ЅϹЀГЁ ϻϴϾϿВЋϴϹІЅГ ϶ ІЂЀ, ЋІЂ ϶ ЃЄЂЊϹЅЅϹ ЃЄЂЄϴЅІϴЁϼГ Ї϶ϹϿϼЋϼ-
϶ϴВІЅГ ϶ЅϹ ЃЂϿϹϻЁЏϹ ϶ϹЍϹЅІ϶ϴғ Ϝϻ϶ϹЅІЁЂ, ЋІЂ ЃЄϼ ЃЄЂЄϴЅІϴЁϼϼ ЅϹЀϹЁϼ ЅЇЍϹЅІ϶ϹЁЁЂ ϼϻЀϹЁГϹІЅГ
ЉϼЀϼЋϹЅϾϼϽ ЅЂЅІϴ϶ ϼ ЃЄЂЊϹЅЅЏ, ЃЄЂϼЅЉЂϸГЍϼϹ ϶ ϻϹЄЁϹғ ϛЁϴЋϼІϹϿАЁЂ ϴϾІϼ϶ϼЄЇВІЅГ ЈϹЄЀϹЁІЏ, Ї϶ϹϿϼ-
Ћϼ϶ϴϹІЅГ ϼЉ ЅЂϸϹЄϺϴЁϼϹғ
ϣЄЂЄЂЅЌϼϹ ϻϹЄЁϴ ЅЂϸϹЄϺϴІ ЊϹϿЏϽ ϾЂЀЃϿϹϾЅ ϵϼЂϿЂϷϼЋϹЅϾϼ ϴϾІϼ϶ЁЏЉ ϶ϹЍϹЅІ϶ұ ϵϹϿϾϼ, ЇϷϿϹ϶ЂϸЏ,
ЈЂЅЈЂЄ, ϾϴϿϼϽ, ЀϴϷЁϼϽ, ЀϴЄϷϴЁϹЊ, ϾϴϿАЊϼϽ, ЊϼЁϾ, ϺϹϿϹϻЂ, ЅϹϿϹЁ, ЀϹϸА, ϶ϴЁϴϸϼϽ ϼ ϸЄғ, ϶ϼІϴЀϼЁЏ ϖҚ,
ϖқ, ϖγ, ϖ5, ϖ6, ϖҰ, ϙ, F, ϵϼЂІϼЁ [2].
ϪϹϿАВ ЄϴϵЂІЏ Г϶ϼϿϴЅА ЄϴϻЄϴϵЂІϾϴ ІϹЉЁЂϿЂϷϼϼ ЃЄϼϷЂІЂ϶ϿϹЁϼГ ЉϿϹϵϴ Ѕ ЃЄϼЀϹЁϹЁϼϹЀ ЀЇϾϼ ϼϻ
ЃЄЂЄЂЍϹЁЁЂϷЂ ϻϹЄЁϴ ЈϴЅЂϿϼ/ϷЄϹЋϼЉϼ ϸϿГ ЃЂ϶ЏЌϹЁϼГ ϾϴЋϹЅІ϶ϴ, ЃϼЍϹ϶ЂϽ ЊϹЁЁЂЅІϼ ЉϿϹϵϴғ
103
ϔЁϴϿϼϻ ϾϴЋϹЅІ϶ϴ ЉϿϹϵϴ ЃЄЂ϶ЂϸϼϿϼ ЋϹЄϹϻ Қ4–Қ6 Ћ ЃЂЅϿϹ ϶ЏЃϹЋϾϼғ ϗЂІЂ϶ЏϹ ϼϻϸϹϿϼГ ЂЊϹЁϼ϶ϴϿϼ
ЃЂЅϿϹ ϶ЏЃϹЋϾϼ ЃЂ ЂЄϷϴЁЂϿϹЃІϼЋϹЅϾϼЀ ϼ ЈϼϻϼϾЂ-ЉϼЀϼЋϹЅϾϼЀ ЃЂϾϴϻϴІϹϿГЀғ ϣЂϸϷЂІЂ϶ϾЇ ϼ ϻϴЀϴЋϼ϶ϴЁϼϹ
ϻϹЄЁϴ ЂЅЇЍϹЅІ϶ϿГϿϼ ϶ ϿϴϵЂЄϴІЂЄЁЏЉ ЇЅϿЂ϶ϼГЉғ ϖ ЃЄЂЊϹЅЅϹ ЃЄЂЄϴЍϼ϶ϴЁϼГ ϻϹЄЁЂ ЄϴϻЀГϷЋϴϹІЅГ,
ЃЄϼЂϵЄϹІϴϹІ ЄϴϻϵЇЉЌЇВ ЈЂЄЀЇ, ЂЁЂ ϸЂϿϺЁЂ ϼЀϹІА ЁϹϵЂϿАЌϼϹ ϵϹϿЏϹ ЄЂЅІϾϼ ЄϴϻЀϹЄЂЀ ϶ 0,5 ЀЀғ
ϦЂϿАϾЂ ϶ БІЂЀ ϶ϼϸϹ ϻϹЄЁϴ ϼЀϹВІ Ёϴϼ϶ЏЅЌϹϹ ЅЂϸϹЄϺϴЁϼϹ ϶ϼІϴЀϼЁϴ ϙғ ϘϴϿАЁϹϽЌϹϹ ЃЄЂЄϴЅІϴЁϼϹ
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ЃЄЂ϶ЂϸϼϿϼ Ёϴ ϸϼЅЃϹЄϷϴІЂЄϹғ ϡϴ ЂЅЁЂ϶Ϲ ϸϼЅЃϹЄϷϼЄЂ϶ϴЁЁЂϽ ϻϹЄЁЂ϶ЂϽ ЀϴЅЅЏ ϷЂІЂ϶ϼϿϼ ІϹЅІЂ ЃЂ
ЄϹЊϹЃІЇЄϹғ ϠЇϾЇ ϼϻ ЃЄЂЄЂЍϹЁЁЂϷЂ ϻϹЄЁϴ ϷЄϹЋϼЉϼ/ ЈϴЅЂϿϼ ϶ЁЂЅϼϿϼ Ёϴ ЅІϴϸϼϼ ϻϴЀϹЅϴ ϶ ϸЂϻϼЄЂ϶ϾϴЉұ 5,
Ү,Қ0, Ққ% ϶ϻϴЀϹЁ ЋϴЅІϼ ЃЌϹЁϼЋЁЂϽ ЀЇϾϼғ ϞЂЁІЄЂϿϹЀ ЅϿЇϺϼϿϼ ЃЄЂϵЏ ЉϿϹϵϴ, ЃЄϼϷЂІЂ϶ϿϹЁЁЂϷЂ ϵϹϻ
ЃЄϼЀϹЁϹЁϼГ ЀЇϾϼ ϼϻ ЃЄЂЄЂЍϹЁЁЂϷЂ ϻϹЄЁϴ ϷЄϹЋϼЉϼ/ ЈϴЅЂϿϼғ
ϡϴ ЂЅЁЂ϶ϴЁϼϼ ϴЁϴϿϼϻϴ ϵЏϿЂ ЇЅІϴЁЂ϶ϿϹЁЂ, ЋІЂ ЃЄϼ ϶ЁϹЅϹЁϼϼ ЃЄϼ ϻϴЀϹЅϹ ІϹЅІϴ ЀЇϾϼ ϼϻ ЃЄЂЄЂЍϹЁ-
ЁЂϷЂ ϻϹЄЁϴ ϷЄϹЋϼЉϼ ϶ ϾЂϿϼЋϹЅІ϶Ϲ 5% ϶ϻϴЀϹЁ ЃЌϹЁϼЋЁЂϽ ЀЇϾϼ ϾϴЋϹЅІ϶Ђ ЉϿϹϵϴ ЃЂ ЅЄϴ϶ЁϹЁϼВ Ѕ
ϾЂЁІЄЂϿАЁЏЀ ЂϵЄϴϻЊЂЀ ЃЄϴϾІϼЋϹЅϾϼ ЁϹ ϼϻЀϹЁϼϿЂЅАғ ϘЂϵϴ϶ϿϹЁϼϹ Ү ϼ Қ0% ЀЇϾϼ ϼϻ ЃЄЂЄЂЍϹЁЁЂϷЂ ϻϹЄ-
Ёϴ ϷЄϹЋϼЉϼ ϶ϻϴЀϹЁ ЀЇϾϼ ЃЌϹЁϼЋЁЂϽ ЅЃЂЅЂϵЅІ϶ЇϹІ ЇϿЇЋЌϹЁϼВ ЃЂϾϴϻϴІϹϿϹϽ ϾϴЋϹЅІ϶ϴ ЉϿϹϵϴұ ЃЂ϶Џ-
ЌϴϹІЅГ ЇϸϹϿАЁЏϽ ЂϵЎϹЀ ϼ ЃЂЄϼЅІЂЅІАғ ϣЄϼ ϸЂϵϴ϶ϿϹЁϼϼ Ү% ЀЇϾϼ ϼϻ ЃЄЂЄЂЍϹЁЁЂϷЂ ϻϹЄЁϴ ϷЄϹЋϼЉϼ
ЇϸϹϿАЁЏϽ ЂϵЎϹЀ ϼ ЃЂЄϼЅІЂЅІА Ї϶ϹϿϼЋϼϿϼЅА ЃЂ ЅЄϴ϶ЁϹЁϼВ Ѕ ϾЂЁІЄЂϿϹЀғ ϱІЂ ЂϵЎГЅЁГϹІЅГ ІϹЀ, ЋІЂ ЃЄϼ
϶ЁϹЅϹЁϼϼ ІϴϾЂϽ ЀЇϾϼ ϶ ІϹЅІЂ ϼЁІϹЁЅϼЈϼЊϼЄЇВІЅГ ЃЄЂЊϹЅЅЏ ϵЄЂϺϹЁϼГ ϻϴ ЅЋϹІ ЅЂϸϹЄϺϴЍϼЉЅГ ϶ ЀЇϾϹ
ЅϴЉϴЄЂ϶, ϶ϼІϴЀϼЁЂ϶, ЀϼЁϹЄϴϿАЁЏЉ ϶ϹЍϹЅІ϶, Г϶ϿГВЍϼЉЅГ ϸЂЃЂϿЁϼІϹϿАЁЂϽ ЃϼІϴЁϼϹЀ ϸϿГ ϸЄЂϺϺϹϽғ
ϘϴϿАЁϹϽЌϹϹ Ї϶ϹϿϼЋϹЁϼϹ ϸЂϻϼЄЂ϶ЂϾ ЀЇϾϼ ϼϻ ЃЄЂЄЂЍϹЁЁЂϷЂ ϻϹЄЁϴ ϷЄϹЋϼЉϼ ЃЄϼ϶ЂϸϼІ Ͼ ЅЁϼϺϹЁϼВ
ЃЂϾϴϻϴІϹϿϹϽ ϾϴЋϹЅІ϶ϴ ЉϿϹϵϴғ ϢЁ ЃЂϿЇЋϴϹІЅГ Ѕ ЀϴϿϹЁАϾϼЀ ЇϸϹϿАЁЏЀ ЂϵЎϹЀЂЀ, ϻϴЀϼЁϴϹЀЏЀ ϼ ϿϼЃϾϼЀ
ЀГϾϼЌϹЀ, ЃϿЂЉЂϽ ЃЂЄϼЅІЂЅІАВғ
ϦϴϾϼЀ ЂϵЄϴϻЂЀ, ЀЂϺЁЂ ЅϸϹϿϴІА ϶Џ϶Ђϸ, ЋІЂ ЁϴϼϿЇЋЌϼЀϼ ЃЂϾϴϻϴІϹϿГЀϼ ϾϴЋϹЅІ϶ϴ ЂϵϿϴϸϴϹІ ЉϿϹϵ Ѕ
϶ЁϹЅϹЁϼϹЀ Ү % ЀЇϾϼ ϼϻ ЃЄЂЄЂЍϹЁЁЂϷЂ ϻϹЄЁϴ ϷЄϹЋϼЉϼғ
ϣЄϼ ϶ЁϹЅϹЁϼϼ ϸЂϻϼЄЂ϶ЂϾ ϶ ϾЂϿϼЋϹЅІ϶Ϲ Ү-Қ0 % ЉϿϹϵ ЃЂϿЇЋϼϿЅГ Ѕ Єϴ϶ЁЂЀϹЄЁЂ ЂϾЄϴЌϹЁЁЂϽ
ϾЂЄϼЋЁϹ϶ЂϽ ϾЂЄϾЂϽ ϵϹϻ ЃЂϸЄЏ϶Ђ϶ ϼ ІЄϹЍϼЁ, БϿϴЅІϼЋЁЏЀ ЀГϾϼЌϹЀ, ІЂЁϾЂЅІϹЁЁЂϽ ЃЂЄϼЅІЂЅІАВ, ГЄϾЂ
϶ЏЄϴϺϹЁЁЏЀ ϶ϾЇЅЂЀ ϼ ЃЄϼГІЁЏЀ ϷЄϹЋϼЌЁЏЀ ϴЄЂЀϴІЂЀ ЉϿϹϵϴ ϶ ЂІϿϼЋϼϹ ЂІ ϾЂЁІЄЂϿАЁЂϷЂ ϼ
ЂЅІϴϿАЁЏЉ ЂЃЏІЁЏЉ ЂϵЄϴϻЊЂ϶ғ
ϖ ЉЂϸϹ ЂЄϷϴЁЂϿϹЃІϼЋϹЅϾЂϷЂ ϴЁϴϿϼϻϴ Ї ЃЂϿЇЋϼ϶ЌϼЉЅГ ЂϵЄϴϻЊЂ϶ ЉϿϹϵϴ ϵЏϿЂ ϶ЏГ϶ϿϹЁЂ ϼϻЀϹЁϹЁϼϹ
ЂϾЄϴЅϾϼ ϾЂЄϾϼ ϼ Њ϶ϹІϴ ЀГϾϼЌϴғ ϘϴЁЁЏϹ ϼϻЀϹЁϹЁϼГ ϵЏϿϼ Ѕ϶ГϻϴЁЏ Ѕ ЂЅЂϵϹЁЁЂЅІГЀϼ ϷЄϹЋЁϹ϶ЂϽ ЀЇϾϼғ
Ϫ϶ϹІ ϾЂЄϾϼ ϼϻϸϹϿϼϽ ЅІϴЁЂ϶ϼϿЅГ ІϹЀЁϹϹ Ѕ ЄЂЅІЂЀ ϾЂϿϼЋϹЅІ϶ϴ ЀЇϾϼ ϶ ЅЀϹЅϼғ ϞЄЂЀϹ ІЂϷЂ Ѕ Ї϶ϹϿϼЋϹЁϼϹЀ
ϸЂϻϼЄЂ϶Ͼϼ ϷЄϹЋЁϹ϶ЂϽ ЀЇϾϼ Ї ЂϵЄϴϻЊЂ϶ ЃЂГ϶ϿГϿЅГ ЉϴЄϴϾІϹЄЁЏϽ ϷЄϹЋЁϹ϶ЏϽ ϻϴЃϴЉ ϼ ЃЄϼ϶ϾЇЅғ
ϖ ϼІЂϷϹ ЃЄϼϹЀϿϹЀЏЀ ЇЄЂ϶ЁϹЀ ϸЂϵϴ϶Ͼϼ ЀЇϾϼ ϼϻ ЃЄЂЄЂЍϹЁЁЂϷЂ ϻϹЄЁϴ ϷЄϹЋϼЉϼ ϵЏϿϴ ϶ЏϵЄϴЁϴ
ϸЂϻϼЄЂ϶Ͼϴ Ү%, ϾЂІЂЄЏϽ ϵЏϿ ЁϴϼϵЂϿϹϹ ЅϵϴϿϴЁЅϼЄЂ϶ϴЁЁЏЀ ЃЂ ЅЇЀЀϹ ЉϴЄϴϾІϹЄϼЅІϼϾғ ϢϵЄϴϻЊЏ,
ЅЂϸϹЄϺϴЍϼϹ Ѕ϶ЏЌϹ Ү% ϷЄϹЋЁϹ϶ЂϽ ЀЇϾϼ ϶ Ѕ϶ЂϹЀ ЅЂЅІϴ϶Ϲ, ϵЏϿϼ ЃЄϼϻЁϴЁЏ ЁϹЇϸЂ϶ϿϹІ϶ЂЄϼІϹϿАЁЏЀϼ ϼϻ–
ϻϴ ϼϻЀϹЁϹЁϼГ Њ϶ϹІϴ ϼ ϴЄЂЀϴІϴ, ϴ ІϴϾϺϹ ЅЁϼϺϹЁϼГ ЃЂЄϼЅІЂЅІϼ ЀГϾϼЌϴғ
ϠЇϾϴ ϼϻ ЃЄЂЄЂЍϹЁЁЂϷЂ ϻϹЄЁϴ ЈϴЅЂϿϼ ϶ϿϼГϹІ Ёϴ ϾϴЋϹЅІ϶ϹЁЁЏϹ ЃЂϾϴϻϴІϹϿϼ ЉϿϹϵϴ ϼϻ ЃЌϹЁϼЋЁЂϽ
ЀЇϾϼ ϶ЏЅЌϹϷЂ ЅЂЄІϴғ ϣЄϼ ϶ЁϹЅϹЁϼϼ ЀЇϾϼ ϼϻ ЃЄЂЄЂЍϹЁЁЂϷЂ ϻϹЄЁϴ ЈϴЅЂϿϼ ЃЂЄϼЅІЂЅІА ϷЂІЂ϶ЏЉ ϼϻϸϹϿϼϽ
ЇЀϹЁАЌϴϿϴЅА (ЃЂ ЅЄϴ϶ЁϹЁϼВ Ѕ ϾЂЁІЄЂϿϹЀ); ϼϻЀϹЁϹЁϼГ ϵЏϿϼ ϸЂЅІЂ϶ϹЄЁЏ ЀϹϺϸЇ ϾЂЁІЄЂϿАЁЏЀ ϼ
ЂЃЏІЁЏЀϼ ЂϵЄϴϻЊϴЀϼ, ЅЂϸϹЄϺϴЍϼЀϼ 5–Ққ% ЀЇϾϼ ϼϻ ЃЄЂЄЂЍϹЁЁЂϷЂ ϻϹЄЁϴ ЈϴЅЂϿϼғ
ϣЂ ЄϹϻЇϿАІϴІϴЀ ЈϼϻϼϾЂ-ЉϼЀϼЋϹЅϾЂϽ ЂЊϹЁϾϼ ЀЂϺЁЂ ЅϸϹϿϴІА ϶Џ϶Ђϸ, ЋІЂ ϶ЁϹЅϹЁϼϹ ЀЇϾϼ ϼϻ
ЃЄЂЄЂЍϹЁЁЂϷЂ ϻϹЄЁϴ ЈϴЅЂϿϼ ϶ ϾЂϿϼЋϹЅІ϶Ϲ Ү% Ͼ ЀϴЅЅϹ ЀЇϾϼ ЅЃЂЅЂϵЅІ϶Ђ϶ϴϿЂ ЃЂϿЇЋϹЁϼВ ЉϿϹϵϴ ϿЇЋЌϹϷЂ
ϾϴЋϹЅІ϶ϴғ ϖ Ѕ϶Гϻϼ Ѕ БІϼЀ, ϶ ϸϴϿАЁϹϽЌϼЉ ϼЅЅϿϹϸЂ϶ϴЁϼГЉ ϵЏϿϴ ϼЅЃЂϿАϻЂ϶ϴЁϴ ϸЂϻϼЄЂ϶Ͼϴ ЀЇϾϼ ϼϻ ЃЄЂЄЂ-
ЍϹЁЁЂϷЂ ϻϹЄЁϴ ЈϴЅЂϿϼ Ү% Ͼ ЀϴЅЅϹ ЀЇϾϼ Ѕ ϻϴЀϹЁЂϽ ЋϴЅІϼ ЃЌϹЁϼЋЁЂϽ ЀЇϾϼғ
ϢЄϷϴЁЂϿϹЃІϼЋϹЅϾϼϹ ЃЂϾϴϻϴІϹϿϼ ϾϴЋϹЅІ϶ϴ ϷЂІЂ϶ЂϽ ЃЄЂϸЇϾЊϼϼ ϵЏϿϼ ЇϸЂ϶ϿϹІ϶ЂЄϼІϹϿАЁЏЀϼ ϶Ђ
϶ЅϹЉ ϼЅЅϿϹϸЇϹЀЏЉ ЂϵЄϴϻЊϴЉғ ϣЄϼ ϵЂϿϹϹ ϶ЏЅЂϾϼЉ ϾЂϿϼЋϹЅІ϶ϴЉ ЀЇϾϼ ϼϻ ЃЄЂЄЂЍϹЁЁЂϷЂ ϻϹЄЁϴ ЈϴЅЂϿϼ
(10
–Ққ %) ЃЂГ϶ϿГϿЅГ ЅЃϹЊϼЈϼЋϹЅϾϼϽ ЃЄϼ϶ϾЇЅ ЈϴЅЂϿϼғ
ϣЄϼ ϶ЁϹЅϹЁϼϼ ϸЂ Ққ % ϶϶ϹϸϹЁϼϹ ϸЂϵϴ϶Ͼϼ ЃЂϿЂϺϼІϹϿАЁЂ ϶ϿϼГϹІ Ёϴ ЃЂϾϴϻϴІϹϿϼ ϾϴЋϹЅІ϶ϴ ЉϿϹϵϴ, ІғϹ
ϼϻϸϹϿϼГ ϼЀϹВІ ЃЄϴ϶ϼϿАЁЇВ ЈЂЄЀЇ, ϾЂЄϾϴ ϷϿϴϸϾϴГ, ϵϹϻ ІЄϹЍϼЁ ϼ ЃЂϸЄЏ϶Ђ϶ғ ϣЄϼ Ї϶ϹϿϼЋϹЁϼϼ ϸЂϻϼ-
ЄЂ϶ЂϾ Ѕ϶ЏЌϹ Қ0% ϾЂЄϾϴ ЃЄϼЂϵЄϹІϴϹІ ЌϹЄЂЉЂ϶ϴІЂЅІА, Њ϶ϹІ ЀГϾϼЌϴ ЇЉЇϸЌϴϹІЅГ, ЃЂЄϼЅІЂЅІА ЁϹЄϴ϶ЁЂ-
ЀϹЄЁϴГ, ЀГϾϼЌ ЅϿϹϷϾϴ ϿϼЃϾϴГ, ЀϹЁϹϹ БϿϴЅІϼЋЁϴГғ
ϡϴ ЂЅЁЂ϶ϴЁϼϼ ЄϹϻЇϿАІϴІЂ϶ ϼЅЅϿϹϸЂ϶ϴЁϼГ ЂЄϷϴЁЂϿϹЃІϼЋϹЅϾϼЉ Ѕ϶ЂϽЅІ϶ ϼ ІϹЉЁЂϿЂϷϼЋϹЅϾϼЉ
ЃЂϾϴϻϴІϹϿϹϽ ϾϴЋϹЅІ϶ϴ ϷЂІЂ϶ЂϽ ЃЄЂϸЇϾЊϼϼ ЁϴϼϿЇЋЌϹϽ ϾЂЁЊϹЁІЄϴЊϼϹϽ ϶ ІϹЉЁЂϿЂϷϼЋϹЅϾЂЀ ЃϿϴЁϹ ϸϿГ
ЀЇϾϼ ϼϻ ЃЄЂЄЂЍϹЁЁЂϷЂ ϻϹЄЁϴ ЈϴЅЂϿϼ — Ү % Ͼ ЀϴЅЅϹ ЃЌϹЁϼЋЁЂϽ ЀЇϾϼғ
ϣϼЍϹ϶ϴГ ЊϹЁЁЂЅІА ЃЄЂϸЇϾІϴ ЂЃЄϹϸϹϿГϹІ ϹϷЂ ЃЂϿϹϻЁЏϹ ϼ ϶ϾЇЅЂ϶ЏϹ ϾϴЋϹЅІ϶ϴ, ЂϵЇЅϿЂ϶ϿϹЁЁЏϹ Ёϴ-
ϿϼЋϼϹЀ ϶ ЁϹЀ ЄϴϻЁЂЂϵЄϴϻЁЏЉ ЃϼІϴІϹϿАЁЏЉ ϶ϹЍϹЅІ϶, ІϴϾϼЉ ϾϴϾ ϵϹϿϾϼ, ϺϼЄЏ, ЇϷϿϹ϶ЂϸЏ, ϶ϼІϴЀϼЁЂ϶,
ЀϴϾЄЂ-, ЀϼϾЄЂБϿϹЀϹЁІЂ϶ ϼ ϸЄЇϷϼЉ ϵϼЂϿЂϷϼЋϹЅϾϼ ϴϾІϼ϶ЁЏЉ ЅЂϹϸϼЁϹЁϼϽ, ЅЂϸϹЄϺϴЍϼЉЅГ ϶ Қ00 Ϸ ЃЄЂ-
104
ϸЇϾІϴғ ϖ Ѕ϶Гϻϼ Ѕ БІϼЀ ϵЏϿЂ ϼЅЅϿϹϸЂ϶ϴЁЂ ϶ϿϼГЁϼϹ ЀЇϾϼ ϼϻ ЃЄЂЄЂЍϹЁЁЂϷЂ ϻϹЄЁϴ ЈϴЅЂϿϼ/ ϷЄϹЋϼЉϼ Ёϴ
ЃЂϾϴϻϴІϹϿϼ ϾϴЋϹЅІ϶ϴ ЉϿϹϵϴ ϼϻ ЃЌϹЁϼЋЁЂϽ ЀЇϾϼ (ІϴϵϿғ Қ)ғ
ϦϴϵϿϼЊϴ Қ - ϣЂϾϴϻϴІϹϿϼ ϾϴЋϹЅІ϶ϴ ϾϿϹϽϾЂ϶ϼЁЏ, ІϹЅІϴ ϼ ЉϿϹϵϴ ЃЌϹЁϼЋЁЂϷЂ ϼϻ ЀЇϾϼ ϶ЏЅЌϹϷЂ ЅЂЄІϴ ϼ ЁЂ϶ЂϷЂ ЃЄЂ-
ϸЇϾІϴ Ѕ ЄϴϻЄϴϵЂІϴЁЁЂϽ ЄϹЊϹЃІЇЄЂϽ
ϣЂϾϴϻϴІϹϿϼ
ϥЂЂІЁЂЌϹЁϼϹ ЀЇϾϼ ЃЌϹЁϼЋЁЂϽ ϼ ϾЂЀЃЂϻϼІЁЂϽ
ЅЀϹЅϼ ϼϻ ϷЄϹЋЁϹ϶ЂϽ ϼ ЈϴЅЂϿϹ϶ЂϽ ЀЇϾϼ, %
(ϾЂЁІЄЂϿА)
86:7:7
ϣЂϾϴϻϴІϹϿϼ ϾϴЋϹЅІ϶ϴ ЉϿϹϵϴ
ϖϿϴϺЁЂЅІА, %
41,4
43,4
ϞϼЅϿЂІЁЂЅІА, ϷЄϴϸғ
2,2
2,4
ϣЂЄϼЅІЂЅІА, %
76
79,4
ϧϸϹϿАЁЏϽ ЂϵЎϹЀ, ЅЀ
3
/ Ϸ
1,13
1,26
ϡϴ ЂЅЁЂ϶ϴЁϼϼ ЃЄЂ϶ϹϸϹЁЁЏЉ ϼЅЅϿϹϸЂ϶ϴЁϼϽ ЀЂϺЁЂ ЄϹϾЂЀϹЁϸЂ϶ϴІА ЇЁϼЈϼЊϼЄЂ϶ϴІА ЄϹЊϹЃІЇЄЏ
ЉϿϹϵЂϵЇϿЂЋЁЏЉ ϼϻϸϹϿϼϽ Ѕ ЃЂЀЂЍАВ ϶ЁϹЅϹЁϼГ ЀЇϾϼ ϼϻ ЃЄЂЄЂЍϹЁЁЏЉ ϻϹЄϹЁ ЈϴЅЂϿϼ ϼ ϷЄϹЋϼЉϼғ
ϦϹЉЁЂϿЂϷϼЋϹЅϾϼϹ ЃЂϾϴϻϴІϹϿϼ ϾϴЋϹЅІ϶ϴ ЃЄЂϸЇϾЊϼϼ ЃЄϼ ϶ЁϹЅϹЁϼϼ Ү ϼ Ү% ϾЂЁЊϹЁІЄϴЊϼϽ ЅЂЂІ϶ϹІЅІ϶ϹЁЁЂ
ЂЅІϴЁЇІЅГ ЉЂЄЂЌϼЀϼғ
ϣЄϼ ϼЅЅϿϹϸЂ϶ϴЁϼϼ ЉϼЀϼЋϹЅϾЂϷЂ ЅЂЅІϴ϶ϴ ЉϿϹϵϴ ϼϻ ЀЇϾϼ ЃЄЂЄЂЍϹЁЁЂϷЂ ϻϹЄЁϴ ЈϴЅЂϿϼ /ϷЄϹЋϼЉϼ
ϵЏϿЂ ЇЅІϴЁЂ϶ϿϹЁЂ, ЋІЂ ЀϼЁϹЄϴϿАЁЏϹ ϶ϹЍϹЅІ϶ϴ ϾϴϾ ϞϴϿАЊϼϽ ЇϸЂ϶ϿϹІ϶ЂЄГϹІ ЅЇІЂЋЁЇВ ЃЂІЄϹϵЁЂЅІА ЋϹ-
ϿЂ϶ϹϾϴ ϶ ϸϴЁЁЂЀ ϶ϹЍϹЅІ϶Ϲ Ёϴ қ,ү%, ϠϴϷЁϼϽ ЇϸЂ϶ϿϹІ϶ЂЄГϹІ Ёϴ 5,5%, ϞϴϿϼϽ Ёϴ γ,6%, ϚϹϿϹϻЂ Ёϴ 5,Ұ4%ғ
ϦϴϾ, ϶ϼІϴЀϼЁ ϥ ЇϸЂ϶ϿϹІ϶ЂЄГϹІ ЅЇІЂЋЁЇВ ЃЂІЄϹϵЁЂЅІА ЋϹϿЂ϶ϹϾϴ Ёϴ 0,қ%, ϶ϼІϴЀϼЁ ϙ Ёϴ қ,Ү4%, ϶ϼІϴЀϼЁ
Ϥ(ЄЇІϼЁ) Ёϴ қ0%ғ
ϔЁϴϿϼϻ ЄϹϻЇϿАІϴІЂ϶ ЃЂϾϴϻϴϿ, ЋІЂ ϼЅЃЂϿАϻЂ϶ϴЁϼϹ ЀЇϾϼ ϼϻ ЃЄЂЄЂЍϹЁЁЂϷЂ ϻϹЄЁϴ ϷЄϹЋϼЉϼ/ ЈϴЅЂϿϼ ϶
ЄϹЊϹЃІЇЄϹ ЉϿϹϵϴ ϼϻ ЃЌϹЁϼЋЁЂϽ ЀЇϾϼ ЁϹϻЁϴЋϼІϹϿАЁЂ ЂІϿϼЋϴϹІЅГ ЃЂ ЅЂϸϹЄϺϴЁϼВ ϶ϼІϴЀϼЁЂ϶ ϼ
ЀϼЁϹЄϴϿАЁЏЉ ϶ϹЍϹЅІ϶, ЃЂ ЅЄϴ϶ЁϹЁϼВ Ѕ ЂϵЏЋЁЏЀ ЉϿϹϵЂЀ ϼϻ ЃЌϹЁϼЋЁЂϽ ЀЇϾϼ ϶ЏЅЌϹϷЂ ЅЂЄІϴғ ϡЂ ЃЄϼ
БІЂЀ ϶ЂϻЄЂЅϿϴ ϸЂϿГ ІϴϾϼЉ ЀϼЁϹЄϴϿАЁЏЉ ϶ϹЍϹЅІ϶, ϾϴϾ ϾϴϿАЊϼϽ ϼ ЀϴϷЁϼϽғ ϘϴЁЁЏϽ ЉϿϹϵ ЃЄϼЂϵЄϹІϴϹІ
ЈЇЁϾЊϼЂЁϴϿАЁЏϹ Ѕ϶ЂϽЅІ϶ϴ, ϼ ЄϹϾЂЀϹЁϸЇϹІЅГ ϸϿГ ЄϹϷЇϿГЄЁЂϷЂ ЃЂІЄϹϵϿϹЁϼГғ
ϥϣϜϥϢϞ ϟϜϦϙϤϔϦϧϤϯ
1.
ϙ϶ІЇЉЂ϶ϴ ϢғϠғ, ϥϴЈЄЂЁЂ϶ϴ Ϧғϡғ ϦϹЉЁЂϿЂϷϼГ ϷϼϸЄЂІϹЄЀϼЋϹЅϾЂϽ ЂϵЄϴϵЂІϾϼ ЃЂЄЂЌϾϴ ϼϻ ЃЄЂЄЂ-
ЍϹЁЁЂϷЂ ϻϹЄЁϴ ЃЌϹЁϼЊЏ //ϚЇЄЁϴϿ «ϦϹЉЁϼϾϴ ϼ ІϹЉЁЂϿЂϷϼГ ЃϼЍϹ϶ЏЉ ЃЄЂϼϻ϶ЂϸЅІ϶»ғ – 4-Ϲ ϼϻϸғ, қ0Қγғ – 44 Ѕғ
2.
ϣЂϿЂϺϹЁЊϹ϶ϴ ϙғϜғ ϥЄϴ϶ЁϼІϹϿАЁЏϽ ϴЁϴϿϼϻ ϾϴЋϹЅІ϶ϴ ЃЄЂЄЂЅІϾЂ϶ ЃЌϹЁϼЊЏ ϾϴϾ ЈЇЁϾЊϼЂЁϴϿА-
ЁЏЉ ЃЄЂϸЇϾІЂ϶ ЃϼІϴЁϼГ / ϙғϜғ ϣЂϿЂϺϹЁЊϹ϶ϴ, Ϣғϖғ ϣϿϴІЂЁЂ϶ϴ // ϣϼЍϹ϶ϴГ ЃЄЂЀЏЌϿϹЁЁЂЅІАғ - 2011. - №
8. -
ϥғ қ0-21.
ϢϚ 636. 085. 549.67
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