Санкт-петербургского государственного университета высшее профессиональное образование т. А. Степанова, И. Ю. Ступина
particles were considered to be the building blocks of matter? 3. What
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particles were considered to be the building blocks of matter? 3. What docs the word “atom” mean? 4. What was known about the structure of the atom at the beginning of the 20th century? 5. What do we call fundamental particles now? 6. In what way arc atoms held together in a molecule? Section II Упр. 1. Назовите значения следующих интернациональных слов: philosopher, vacuum, absolutely, identical, combination, conservation, mass, constant, proportion Упр. 2. Определите значения выделенных слов по контексту. 1. The number o f students in this group diminished from 15 to 13 after the first session. 2. Speculation about the periodicity of properties led to the discovery of the periodic law. 3. The method is very useful for accurate measurements, usually it gives good results. 4. The coat is too small for you, it's not your size. 5. The idea has not been adopted until recently. Слова к текст)’: superficial—зд. незначительный; smooth— гладкий; roll— вращаться; rough — грубый; jagged — зазубренный; cling — цепляться, прилипать; reasonable — разумный; приемлемый Text 14 В Прочтите текст про себя (контрольное время чтения — 3 минуты). The Atomic Theory of Democritus and Dalton The Greek philosopher Democritus (about 460-370 B.C.) who had adopted some of his ideas from earlier philosophers, stated that the Universe is composed of void (vacuum) and atoms. The atoms were considered to be everlasting and indivisible — absolutely small, so small that their size could not be diminished. The atoms of different substances, such as water and iron, were considered by him to be fundamentally the same, but to differ in some superficial way; atoms of water, being smooth and round, could roll over one another, whereas atoms of iron, being rough and jagged, would cling together to form a solid body. The atomic theory of Democritus 103 was pure speculation, and was much too general to be useful. Dalton’s atomic theory, however, was a hypothesis that explained many facts in a simple and reasonable way. Dalton stated the hypothesis that elements consist o f atoms, all of the atoms o f one element being identical*, and that compounds result from the combination of atoms of two or more elements, cach in definite number. In this way, he could give a simple explanation of the law of conservation of mass and o f the law of constant proportions. Упр. 3. Передайте основное содержание текста в нескольких пред ложениях. Упр. 4. Составьте план текста. Упр. 5. Прочтите предложения н скажите, соответствуют ли они содержанию текста. Если нет, исправьте их. 1. The Greek philosopher Democritus was the first who stated that matter is composed of atoms. 2. The atoms were considered to be small indivisible particles. 3. The atoms of different substanccs were considered by Democritus to be different. 4. The atomic theory o f Democritus was not useful bccausc it was too general. 5. Dalton stated that all of the atoms of one element were the same. 6 . Dalton could not explain the law o f conservation of mass. Упр. 6. Найдите в тексте предложения с описанием того, как Демок рит представлял себе атомы, и переведите их на русский язык. жүктеу/скачать 5,96 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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