require
time for, oxidation state, be extremely fast, nearly every time,
collide with, form the precipitate, oxidation-rcduction reactions, in order
for a reaction to take place, transfer electrons, observe a reaction, the
intimacy of mixture, irradiation with light, ultraviolet light, affect the
reaction, hydronium ion
Ex. 6. Give the English equivalents for the following:
влиять на скорость реакции, без изменения окислительного со
стояния, нейтрализация кислоты основанием, смешивать растворы,
число столкновений, так что, такой как, хлорид серебра, несколько
секунд,
с другой стороны,
сталкиваться для того чтобы, при комнат
ной температуре, смесь водорода и кислорода, наблюдать, вот поче
му, зависеть от, видимый свет, рентгеновские лучи
Ex. 7. Fill in the blanks with prepositions where necessary.
1. One can give ... an example ... a reaction which may require ... a
few seconds ... its completion. 2 .... the other hand, oxidation-rcduction
reactions arc sometimes very slow. 3. An example ... a reaction that is
extremely slow ... room temperature is th at... hydrogen and oxygen. 4. It
is quite usual to hear chemists speaking ... the factors that influence ...
the rate ... a'reaction. 5. The reaction rate depends ... many factors.
6. Sometimes the presence ... other substances affects ... the reaction.
7. Every reaction takes different time ... its completion.
Ex. 8. Translate the scntcnccs into Russian, paying attention to different
functions of the word
order.
1. St. Petersburg University was awarded the
Order o f Lenin in
1944 and the
Order of the Red Banner of Labour in 1969.2. In arranging
his ideas for the book
Principles o f Chemistry Mendeleyev felt the
need to bring to inorganic chcmistry the same degree o f
order that was
being achieved in organic chcmistry. 3. We were
ordered to start the
work immediately. 4. In
order for a reaction to take place, the collision
between the ions must result in the transfer of electrons from one ion
to another. 5. In
order that the reaction might occur, the reactants should
be heated. 6. We must measure all the parameters in
order to summarize
them in a table. 7. Crystalline compounds have their atoms arranged in
a certain
order.
Ex. 9. Translate the sentences into Russian.
1. The door was open and we could hear Prof. N giving his lecture.
2. Coming up to him for the second time I found his experiment finished.
3. We saw the powdcr darkcning when it was exposed to light. 4. We shall
have our papers checked and then we shall be permitted to do the
experimental part. 5. We all heard her saying so.Ss w c may treat the
Ex. S. Give the Russian equivalents for the following:
145
clcctrons in the shared clcctron pair as belonging to both atoms. 7. Wc
usually think of a substancc as being in a certain physical state. 8. Solutions
arc often thought of as being liquids. 9. They watched the sugar crystals
disappearing in water. 10. Lavoisier considered oxygen as being a
constituent o f all acids. 11. After Dalton wc find the atomic theory
developed rather than rejected. 12. The inertness of the noble gases is
accounted for by the fact that they have all their shells completely filled.
13. Wc had our laboratory equipped by the beginning o f a
new academic
year. 14. Wc saw the solution turning blue as the reaction proceeded.
15. They observed the temperature slowly rising.
Ex. 10. Translate the sentcnccs into English.
1. Все химические реакции происходят с различной скоростью.
2. Скорость реакции зависит от состава реагирующих веществ и ус
ловий реакции. 3. Существует множество факторов, которые оказы
вают влияние на реакцию. 4. Среди них прежде всего следует на
звать температуру, концентрацию, наличие катализаторов и другие.
5. С точки зрения молекулярной кинетики легко объяснить влияние
температуры. 6. Иногда скорость реакции в значительной степени
зависит от присутствия катализатора.
Ex. 11. Answer the following questions:
1. What reactions procccd fast? 2. What reactions arc usually slow?
3. In what way is silver chloride formed? 4. What example o f oxidation-
rcduction reaction can you give? 5. What factors influence the reaction
rate? 6. In what way can one classify these factors?
Достарыңызбен бөлісу: