Санкт-петербургского государственного университета высшее профессиональное образование т. А. Степанова, И. Ю. Ступина
жүктеу/скачать 5,96 Mb. Pdf көрінісі
|
| Scction II
Упр. 1. Назовите значения следующих интернациональных слов: individual, rational, specific, reality, empirical, analogy, characterize, engineer, literature, ordinary, culture, realistic Упр. 2. Проверьте, помните лн вы значения следующих слов; если нет, обратитесь к словарю: virtually, stick, urgent, implication, trouble, web, scaffold, edifice, wise, gain, acquisition, sink (sank, sunk), environment Text 36 В Прочтите текст про себя (контрольное время чтения — 3 минуты). Why Study Chemistry'? Certainly, the student who has had one year o f chcmistry remembers virtually no detail after a few months. The things that stick will generally includc some notion of atomic structure, and this information will be of some help to the individual in forming a rational philosophy and in understanding die very urgent implications of atomic power sources; but if this is to be all the student gains wc may well be troubled. 232 It is easy to attack any specific coursc as contributing little or nothing that the student will use after graduation. However, the huge reality and meaning of education lie precisely in that web of concepts and attitudes which have no meaning without factual detail. It is of no importance that the scaffolding of empirical facts disappear after the edifice wc call education has been erected. It is not wise to press the analogy too far. Beside this complex o f attitudes and ideas we have callcd philosophy, or education, there is necessarily gained by the student a good deal of knowledge which might be characterized as off-hand knowledge in the sense that it is immediately present and usable whenever callcd up. Such is the knowledge the engineer uses in the practicc of engineering and his information in the arts and literature which he may use in ordinary conversation. This immediately available information is tool and culture material and its acquisition is defensible. But what of that information which has been lost unused, is other than scaffolding? Tlic answer is that it has not been lost. Material which has sunk below the level of recall may be much more easily relearned and understood than brand-new material. The foundations have been built and lie in readiness for the possible time when a particular skill is to be developed. This non-recall information is thus not useless, even though a great part of it be unused. It might be pointed out that even tool information is largely sunk below the level of recall. Especially in chcmistry, though a man has a million facts in his head, he still needs the reference literature. The unique value of a coursc in chcmistry is that it is the only coursc taken by the great majority of students in which they learn the structure and behaviour of the matter of which their environment is composed. Each knowledge is o f primary importance in the development of any realistic philosophy or the understanding of nature. Упр. 3. Передайте основное содержание текста в нескольких пред ложениях. Упр. 4. Какие слова в тексте означают «знания, которые вссгаа с тобой»? Упр. S. Найдите в тексте ответы на следующие вопросы: 1 . Docs the student remember everything he learns? 2. What may any specific coursc be criticized for? 3. What kind of knowledge docs the student gain? 4. What may be the example of off-hand knowledge? 5. What is the use o f information which seems to be lost? 6 . What is the unique feature of a coursc in chcmistry? Упр. б. Закончите следующие предложения: I. Wc may be troubled if... 2. The essence of education is... 3. The foundations lie in readiness... 4. Though a person has a million facts in his head, he... 5. Chemistry coursc is of primary importance bccausc... 233 |